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Education policies are becoming increasingly oriented towards employability (economic returns) and subjected to measurements especially post-2015. Despite resistance from different stakeholders, employability has become a global norm and funds for programmes with non-economic objectives, especially in low and middle-income countries have been cut tremendously (Singh & Ehlers, 2020). Is this a short term crisis, a faulty and confused policy decision, or a part of a long term policy agenda aimed at bigger changes with deeper policy linkages? Who is promoting it with what intentions? How should the actors in the education sector deal with it? This paper answers these questions by mapping and analysing the shift in policy framework for International Development from Global North-South Divide (1970s-2015) to Sustainability (2015 onwards) and its impact on the policy of education for development. It shows how International Organisations (IOs) used knowledge, information and policy linkages to gain control over states and UN created a narrative about sustainability rooted in environment to facilitate an obscure OECD agenda for sustainable economic growth, backed by World Bank and the IMF's measurement and control tactics. It further explains how and why the development policies (reflected in education) of low, middle and high income countries converged post-2015.

Scientific advancements in nanotechnology have made it a popular choice in the business fraternity particularly because of its versatility in numerous applications, including nanomedicines, food products and cosmetics. However, there are potential risks associated with its use and exposure, especially to employees and consumers. The purpose of this literature review was to examine the implications of the Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 68 of 2008 for nanotechnology and nano-enabled product (NEP) regulation in South Africa, particularly in the absence of regulations specifically relating to such technology and products. The objectives include an analysis of the consumer and manufacturer challenges and risks associated with the application of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, followed by an examination of the implications of the CPA for such application. The methodology entails an interdisciplinary research approach from an applied legal perspective with reference to literature and relevant legislative provisions. The evidence available on the challenges associated with NMs and NEPs suggests that such material and products are not without risks and potential hazards for the consumer. The CPA creates both obligations for business and rights for consumers. However, more conclusive scientific evidence is required to understand these issues and adequately protect the consumer through explicit legislation and regulations.

This comparative study based on policy documents and statistical data analyses how the implementation of Recognition of Prior Learning policy designs has developed in two contrasting contexts (cases), Denmark and India, using the conceptual formulations of Ehlers' Box Model (2005), the Integrated Implementation Model (Winter, 2012), and Policy Instruments (Vedung, 1998). As requirements for effective policy implementation, the authors argue for the involvement of all stakeholders, ownership and accountability by stakeholders leading to effectiveness in the short run and policy evolution in the long run, and the use of an appropriate mix of policy instruments. ; Primerjalna študija temelji na analizi dokumentov o politiki priznavanja predhodno pridobljenih znanj ter statističnih podatkih o rabi in izvedbi te politike v dveh različnih kontekstih (primerih): na Danskem in v Indiji. Uporabljene so pojmovne formulacije Ehlersovega modela (2005), modela integriranega izvajanja (Winter, 2012) in instrumentov politike (Vedung, 1998). Pogoji za učinkovito izvajanje politike so vključenost vseh nosilcev interesov, prizadevanja in odgovornost nosilcev interesov, ki kratkoročno vodijo do učinkovitosti in dolgoročno do razvoja politike, ter raba primerne kombinacije instrumentov politike.

<em>Technical analysis forecasts the future asset prices with the use of their historical prices, trading volumes, market action and primarily through the uses of charts that predicts the future price trends. Technical analysis guides the investor to track the market with different indicators which is convenient for their study. Technical indicators aids to analyse the short-term price movement of the shares, most importantly it indicates the turning point and helps in projecting the price movement. This paper is prepared to employ the technical analysis tool to IT index companies. Indicators have been analysed using share prices of companies for 1 years, i.e., from January 2015- December 2015. Study is performed using secondary data, which has been collected from NSE website. The Technical Indicators used for the study are Bollinger Bands and MACD (Moving Average Convergence and Divergence). The purpose of the study is to find the best technical indicator to analyse the share prices.</em>

AbstractThe ongoing political turmoil gripping Sudan is fraught with violence between two opposing factions within its military government. This unsettling state of affairs has led to devastating consequences, including large‐scale displacement of people and severe human rights violations, causing dire humanitarian consequences. Against this tumultuous backdrop, we explore how existing refugee law, one facet of international law governing refugees, can help bring relief amidst a volatile conflict zone. Examining complex legal questions ranging from determining who qualifies for asylum status through various geographic considerations to what role states play in securing basic protections for refugees fleeing persecution or war at home will be analysed herein. Further difficulties involving how these complex provisions protect refugees face hurdles due to practical factors like lack of resources or security concerns will be considered thoroughly. While recognizing that instituting legal reforms alone is not enough to address these complex crises due to various challenges of reasons ranging from political to practical, this paper concludes by putting forth strategic recommendations for improvement aimed towards bolstering resources and support mechanisms required for refugees across the region to ensure they can seize‐hold of eventual solutions.

FET colleges are integral centres of learning to provide students with vocational learning opportunities. This paper examined if FET colleges in Kwazulu-Natal were aware of an entrepreneurial culture that could assist them in supplementing their income to become less dependent upon the State for operational subsidies. A quantitative study with a sample size of 100 candidates was undertaken. The study revealed that although there is an awareness of entrepreneurial activities, there is a weakness in the application of an entrepreneurial process at FET colleges.

The emergence of digitalisation and the Fourth Industrial Revolution has resulted in a significant shift in practices, resulting in a disconnection among organisations, employees, and technology, particularly affecting developing nations like the BRICS group which have faced disproportionate challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of quality in the context of intelligent and automated systems operating in a technologically advanced environment. The study employs a systematic literature review methodology, which encompassed a rigorous process of identifying and selecting 38 articles, followed by a comprehensive thematic analysis. The findings highlight that organisations need to adapt their quality systems to effectively operate in a world dominated by intelligent and automated systems. The implication is that by leveraging digital technologies, organisations can embrace the integration of quality with machine learning, programmable logic controllers, adaptive feedback loops, automated information collection, and blockchain technology to develop a value-based, transparent, and secure quality system. The proposed roadmap and model derived from this study affords organisations the opportunity to establish an intelligent quality ecosystem that aptly aligns with the requisites of the technologically advanced era, thereby ensuring the attainment of excellence in quality during the digital era.

There has been extensive research on improving and innovating current treatments for irritable-bowel-syndrome using nanotechnology. However, there are growing challenges to progress these drugs to clinical trials and commercialisation. This study sought to develop a framework to manage key features, overlooked in current studies, to improve the development of drugs. An integrative literature review was used to extract themes by using a summative content analysis to interrogate information. Validity was established when saturation of information was achieved. Reliability focussed on the repeatability of key information. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity, quality by design attributes, metrology, and standardisation of practice emerged as important themes. These themes together among others, were used to develop the framework to manage the drug development process: Knowledge-based society, Foresight planning, Multidisciplinary approach, Unified definition, Adapt to existing standards and guidelines, Precautionary principle, Case-by-case approach, Quality-by-design, Scale-up and Training. The framework provided reflections that no study has considered. The framework will ensure that drug development will be approached strategically to avoid duplication of research-designs, including risk mitigation, quality at the source and supplier-chain management to progress drug development to clinical trials and beyond.