Scientific collaboration between Northern and Southern researchers and development programs for research capacity-building have received new attention of practitioners and scholars during the last decades. This essay review takes four recent publications on North-South research cooperation and development politics as a starting point to ask for possible links between macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of social analysis that has found renewed interest in the sociology of science literature. The approach has the advantage to heuristically systematize the anthropological, sociological and policy-driven approaches chosen by the editors and authors of the books under review. Moreover, the focus on links between the three levels adds to the conceptual interaction of sociology of science and the science policy fields to estimate the effects of science governance in international and especially in asymmetrical relations with different access to resources.
Zusammenfassung . iii Summary . v Chronologie . vii Abkürzungsverzeichnis . viii Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis . ix 1\. Einleitung . 1 1.1. Entwicklungsnarrative, Verfassungen und lokale Aneignung . 1 1.2. Zwei Forschungsarenen . 7 1.3. Fragestellung . 11 1.4. Aufbau der Studie . 13 2\. Aneignung von Verfassungen . 16 2.1. Der Begriff Aneignung . 16 2.1.1. Sozialtheoretische Perspektiven auf Aneignung . 17 2.1.2. Aneignung als Begriff der Modernisierungskritik . 21 2.1.3. Aneignung und rechtsanthropologische Forschungen . 25 2.2. Verfassungen als Objekte der Aneignung . 31 2.2.1. Form und Funktion von Verfassungen . 31 2.2.2. Verfassungen und Konstitutionalismus . 38 2.3. Subjekte und Bürger als Akteure der Aneignung . 42 2.3.1. Die pouvoir constituant . 42 2.3.2. Zwischen Bevölkerung und Elite . 45 2.3.3. Binnendifferenzierung der nationalen Elite . 48 2.3.4. Das Untersuchungsschema . 53 2.4. Wie lässt sich Aneignung in Verfassungsgebungen methodisch erfassen? . 55 2.4.1. Diskursanalytisches Grundverständnis . 56 2.4.2. Die Materialbasis der Inhaltsanalyse . 58 2.4.3. Die Analyse des Materials . 61 Erstes Zwischenfazit . 66 3\. Die Verfassungsentwicklung Ghanas bis 1981 . 69 3.1. Politische Ordnungen bis 1960 . 70 3.2. Die republikanischen Verfassungen ab 1960 . 79 Zweites Zwischenfazit . 91 4\. Von der PNDC-Ära zur 4. Republik . 93 4.1. Ghanas Verfassungsdiskurs von 1979-1984 . 94 4.1.1. Die Legitimation von Militärinterventionen und Amnestieregeln . 94 4.1.2. Die PNDC-Verfassung als sozial- populistisches Experiment . 99 4.2. Die Nationale Kommission für Demokratie . 107 4.2.1. District Assemblies als neue Legitimationsgrundlage . 107 4.2.3. Die politische Opposition 1988 bis 1992 . 112 4.3. Die Expertenkommission . 124 4.3.1. Zusammensetzung und Prinzipien der Expertenkommission . 124 4.3.2. Der Präsident zwischen Entlastung und Kontrolle . 127 4.3.3. Die Vermittlung zwischen politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Rechten . 135 4.3.4. Tradition und Chieftaincy . 140 4.4. Die Consultative Assembly . 145 ...
The research on cross-national research cooperation, including the categories of Global South/North, tends to leave out the issue of research funding. However, research funders are no neutral infrastructure by and for the scientific community, but represent societal, political, or economic stakeholders, whose expectations shape funding policy goals and practices. In consequence, funders need to be integrated as intermediary organization when discussing the ideology and effects of geographic pairing. In our article, we develop and sustain the proposition that an analysis of funders' views is imperative to understand the ways international research collaborations of unequally equipped participants are perceived, maintained, and sometimes reframed over time. Building on interview data and policy documents from six countries, we analyze the semantics employed to make sense of North–South relationships. We find that narratives from development cooperation complement and sometimes supersede the traditionally liberal meta-narrative of scientific collaborations.
The research on cross-national research cooperation, including the categories of Global South/North, tends to leave out the issue of research funding. However, research funders are no neutral infrastructure by and for the scientific community, but represent societal, political, or economic stakeholders, whose expectations shape funding policy goals and practices. In consequence, funders need to be integrated as intermediary organization when discussing the ideology and effects of geographic pairing. In our article, we develop and sustain the proposition that an analysis of funders' views is imperative to understand the ways international research collaborations of unequally equipped participants are perceived, maintained, and sometimes reframed over time. Building on interview data and policy documents from six countries, we analyze the semantics employed to make sense of North–South relationships. We find that narratives from development cooperation complement and sometimes supersede the traditionally liberal meta-narrative of scientific collaborations.
Als mögliche Quelle europäischer Solidarität wird ein arbeitsteilig-anerkennungstheoretisches Solidaritätsverständnis entwickelt, das die Unzulänglichkeiten anderer Solidaritätsquellen überwinden helfen kann. Anschließend an eine Kritik am Primat der Marktintegration, wird die Rolle der europäischen Gewerkschaftsbewegung und die Bedeutung einer europäischen Arbeitslosenversicherung als institutionelle Ausgestaltung dieser Solidarität und ihre mögliche Funktion bei der Überwindung der Desintegrationstendenzen im Gefolge der jüngsten Krisen diskutiert. ; In light of a theory of recognition, a source of solidarity based on labor division is examined. This approach can help to mitigate the shortcomings of other sources of solidarity. Following an analysis of the primacy of market integration, the European Trade Union as well as European public unemployment insurance are discussed as institutional means to put this source of solidarity into practice.
Paulin J. Hountondji is one of the most important and controversial figures in contemporary African philosophy. His critique of ethnophilosophy as a colonial, exoticising and racialized undertaking provoked contentious debates among African intellectuals on the proper methods and scope of philosophy and science in an African and global context since the 1970s. His radical pledge for scientific autonomy from the global system of knowledge production made him turn to endogenous forms of practising science in academia. The horizon of his philosophy is the quest for critical universality from a historical, and situated perspective. Finally, his call for a notion of culture that is antithetical to political movements focused on a single identitarian doctrine or exclusionary norms shows how timely his political thought remains to this day. This book gives a comprehensive overview of Hountondji's philosophical arguments and provides detailed information on the historical and political background of his intellectual oeuvre. It situates Hountondji in the dialogue with his African colleagues and explores links to current debates in philosophy, cultural studies, postcolonialism and the social sciences. Franziska Dübgen is a Professor in Political Philosophy at the University of Münster, Germany. She held fellowships at the New School for Social Research, New York, the IASS, Potsdam, and the Lichtenberg-Kolleg for Advanced Study, Göttingen. Her research interests include African philosophy, theories of justice, postcolonialism, gender, punishment/incarceration, and contemporary political philosophy. She is currently co-directing a research project on diversity, power and justice in contemporary African and Arabo-islamic philosophy. Stefan Skupien is a postdoctoral researcher focusing on the sociology and politics of North-South science cooperation. His research interests include constitutional politics, history of political thought, and solidarity in the European Union. He has been involved in international networks, working towards intercultural conversations and to radically extend the horizon in German debates about African issues. Together with Franziska Dübgen, he edited the first anthology on African political philosophy in German in 2015, Afrikanische Politische Philosophie. Postkoloniale Positionen
Kenya's government has identified science, technology and innovation as key for its national development plan and has started to refurbish its research environment. In this article, we use the world system approach to discuss the largely peripheral relations of Kenya's science systems to the global science system and to identify indications for Kenya becoming a semi-peripheral scientific player itself within Eastern Africa. While the publications are dominantly oriented towards the Global North and while foreign sources fund nearly half of Kenya's research and development (R&D), the country starts to become an important country for its neighbours. However, Kenya is still facing an unstable system of integrating significantly more graduate students. These are seen as essential to provide for a sustainable knowledge base that is required for the country's socio-economic goals. We point to the lack of robust and recent data on R&D in Kenya as an impediment to evidence-based policy-making.
