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One of the unique features of European integration involves the creation of a constitutional order for the European Union (EU). This order clearly governs many aspects of EU Member State economic and social policies, yet its impact on European foreign policy is less well understood. Although most Member States resist the legalization of their foreign policy co-operation, this policy domain has in fact become more legal, and in ways that have been neglected by most theorists of European integration and international law. To address these gaps in our understanding, this article explains (1) why legalization is an important aspect of European foreign policy; (2) how legalization has taken place; and (3) the impact of legalization on the evolution of EU foreign policy. (Journal of Common Market Studies / FUB)

In this book, Michael Smith offers a comparative and interdisciplinary examination of ancient settlements and cities. Early cities varied considerably in their political and economic organization and dynamics. Smith here introduces a coherent approach to urbanism that is transdisciplinary in scope, scientific in epistemology, and anchored in the urban literature of the social sciences. His new insight is 'energized crowding,' a concept that captures the consequences of social interactions within the built environment resulting from increases in population size and density within settlements. Smith explores the implications of features such as empires, states, markets, households, and neighborhoods for urban life and society through case studies from around the world. Direct influences on urban life - as mediated by energized crowding-are organized into institutional (top-down forces) and generative (bottom-up processes). Smith's volume analyzes their similarities and differences with contemporary cities, and highlights the relevance of ancient cities for understanding urbanism and its challenges today

The EU's emergence as an international security provider, under the first Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) operations in the Balkans in 2003, is a critical development in European integration. In this book, which relies on extensive interviews with CSDP officials, Michael E. Smith investigates how the challenge of launching new CSDP operations causes the EU to adapt itself in order to improve its performance in this realm, through the mechanism of experiential institutional learning. However, although this learning has helped to expand the overall range and complexity of the CSDP, the effectiveness of this policy tool still varies widely depending on the nature of individual operations. The analysis also calls in to question whether the CSDP, and the EU's broader structures under the 2009 Treaty of Lisbon, are fit for purpose in light of the EU's growing strategic ambitions and the various security challenges facing Europe in recent years.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables, Figures and Boxes -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Part I: Questions and Concepts -- 1 International Relations and International Security -- International security: politics, policy and prospects -- Theory and research design in international security -- Evolution of the international security research agenda -- 2 Theory, Research and International Security: Continuity and Change -- International security studies in the interwar period -- International security studies and the Cold War -- International security studies after the Cold War -- Globalization and human security -- Summary -- 3 The Politics of International Security -- The politics of international security: basic assumptions -- The value-threat relationship and international security -- Stakeholders and international security -- Political debates about international security -- The politics of policy effectiveness -- Summary -- Part II: The Traditional International Security Agenda -- 4 Interstate War -- Interstate war and international security -- Stakeholder factors -- Interstate war as a policy problem -- The politics of policy effectiveness -- Summary -- Further reading -- 5 Intrastate War -- Intrastate war and international security -- Stakeholder factors -- Intrastate war as a policy problem -- The politics of policy effectiveness -- Summary -- Further reading -- 6 Weapons Proliferation -- Weapons proliferation and international security -- Stakeholder factors -- Proliferation as a policy problem -- The politics of policy effectiveness -- Summary -- Further reading -- 7 Terrorism -- Terrorism and international security -- Stakeholder factors -- International terrorism as a policy problem -- The politics of policy effectiveness -- Summary -- Further reading -- 8 Cybersecurity and Cyberwar.