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The European Union membership referendum (i.e. the Brexit referendum) in the United Kingdom in 2016 triggered a process of introspection among non-British European Union citizens with respect to their right to remain in the United Kingdom, including their right to entry, permanent residence, and access to work and social welfare. Drawing on interview data collected from 42 European Union nationals, namely Finnish and Polish migrants living in Scotland, we explore how European Union migrants' decision-making and strategies for extending their stay in the United Kingdom, or returning to their country of origin, are shaped by and, in turn, shape their belonging and ties to their current place of residence and across state borders. In particular, we draw on the concept of embedding, which is used in migration studies to explain migration trajectories and decision-making. Our key argument is that more attention needs to be paid to the socio-political context within which migrants negotiate their embedding. To this end, we employ the term 'politics of embedding' to highlight the ways in which the embedding of non-British European Union citizens has been politicized and hierarchically structured in the United Kingdom after the Brexit referendum. By illustrating how the context of Brexit has changed how people evaluate their social and other attachments, and how their embedding is differentiated into 'ties that bind' and 'ties that count', we contribute to the emerging work on migration and Brexit, and specifically to the debate on how the politicization of migration shapes the sense of security on the one hand, and belonging, on the other.

The End of Wider Europe? : The EU, Changing Borders and Spatial Imaginaries of Post-Soviet Space / Ilkka Liikanen, James W. Scott and Tina Sotkasiira -- Building Regional Stability Through Cross-Border Cooperation : Changing Spatial Imaginariesand Sovereignty Concepts of EU Neighbourhood Policies / Ilkka Liikanen -- Ukraine : History Confronts Geography / Volodymyr Kravchenko -- Borders and Nation-Building in Post-Soviet Space : A Glance from the Republic of Moldova / Octavian Ticu -- Reconceptualisations of Borders in Post-Soviet Ukraine : Between EU Regulations, the Soviet Legacy and Internal Political Strife / Olga Filippova -- Eastern Neighbourhood as a Political Divide : Critically Assessing EU Policies of Regional Cross-Border Cooperation in the Case of Ukraine / James W. Scott -- Bordering in Post-Soviet Central Asia : Two Tales from Tajikistan / Joni Virkkunen and Paul Fryer -- Of Barriers, Breaches and Bridges : Cross-Border Ecotourism and the Prospect of Horizontal Govenance Acting as a Bridge in Belarus-EU Neighbourhood Relations / Anais Marin -- Where Ideals and Anxieties Meet : The EU and Migration Policy in Wider Europe / Tiina Sotkasira -- The New Concept of Migration Policy of the Russian Federation : Revolution or Re-evolution? / Sergia Riazantsev -- The Republic of Belarus : Flows and Tendencies in Migration Processes / Larissa Titarenko -- What Kind of Choice? : Understanding Migration in Tajikistan / Paul Fryer, Joni Virkkunen and Furugzod Usmonov -- Labour Migration and the Contradictory Logic of Integration in Russia / Olga Tkach and Olga Brenikova -- Colonial Imagination on a Postcolonial Periphery : Educational Migration in Azerbaijan and the Construction of an Elite of Expectations / Sergey Rumyantsev -- Gendered Migration from Moldova and Ukraine to the EU : Who Cares? / Olga Davydova-Minguet, Valeriu Mosneaga and Oleskii Pozniak -- Contemporary Ukrainian Migration to EU Countries : Trends and Challenges / Ihor Markov

This book approaches contemporary migration to Finland from the perspective of everyday security, presenting an alternative view to theories that examine the links between migration and security from the perspective of securitisation. By treating everyday security as a theoretical concept and as empirical lived reality, the book foregrounds migrants' experiences of (in)security, as well as the perceptions of individuals and groups whose lives are touched by migration. Empirical studies investigate the ways in which security is produced at various levels, transnationally, and in multiple locations where encounters between long-term residents and newcomers occur, highlighting the roles of the welfare state, civic society, and the media. The book explores how everyday security is constructed between interdependent actors on personal, community and societal levels, concluding that the production of everyday security is a mutually beneficial, yet at times painstaking, process for all participants.

Participatory approaches and co-research are increasingly employed in the current moment for exploring barriers to equality. Co-research treats research participants as experts in their own lives and as equal research partners. Research conducted with this orientation is based on research problems drafted by the research participants themselves from their aspirations regarding the research process and an active partnership that considers the interests of all parties involved. Participatory methods are used in co-research, particularly for the purpose of deepening the contextualisation of research knowledge about structurally vulnerable or subordinated groups and to challenge the power positions associated with traditional research designs. In co-research, the role of the people involved in the research is more central than in more traditional research. One of the key principles of co-research is that co-investigators (a) can participate in various roles, (b) have the opportunity to participate in different phases of the research according to their own interests and resources, and (c) co-investigators' participation can take many forms, including differences in intensity. The idea is to provide more people with opportunities to contribute to the knowledge production about themselves and their communities from their respective perspectives and interests. Co-research is also seen as an opportunity to improve the relevance and usefulness of scientific knowledge. It aims to genuinely increase interaction and openness and extend science's societal responsibility. In this book, we approach co-research as a means to promote social justice, as an action with a societal impact contributor to social impact and as a means to promote the societal responsibility of science. We discuss and evaluate the ideals of the co-research process concerning the everyday challenges and practices in research. Above all, we offer the knowledge and experience generated by our own projects to support those planning or already implementing co-research projects.