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Autor ukazuje uwarunkowania kształtowania się projektu Kodeksu Rodzinnego. Zwraca uwagę na specyfikę prawa rodzinnego osobowego, jego charakter i na fundamentalne pojęcia w nim zawarte. Wskazuje na dwa wymiary wspólnoty rodzinnej, międzyosobowy i społeczny, które przenikają się wzajemnie na różne sposoby, zawierają się w sobie nawet się warunkują. Podkreśla, iż sytuacje rodzinne są sytuacjami złożonymi. Praca nad projektem kodeksu stanowiła metodyczną refleksję nad rzeczywistością wychowawczą, uwzględniając myślenie potoczne społeczeństwa. Wskazuje jednocześnie na pedagogikę prawa która stanowiła pomoc w refleksji nad wychowaniem i prawem.

The author draws attention to the consideration of the complexity of civil participation in deliberative democracy, indicating that the legislator assumed that dialogue is to be a way of existence, and thus the basis of any social situation in the state. State authorities appointed to serve the people and the common good have to ask citizens about their position in the case, not in order to obtain the desired response, thus emphasizing the departure from the monologue culture in favor of dialogue and communication with the public. The author claims that the normative foundations of the community state are linked by the conviction that public values and purposes are established in the communication process. In this approach, it is important to achieve public purposes and the quality of their achievement, its constructive features are: network, multi-level management, conciliation, participation. The basic mechanisms of action of this type of state are: deliberation, compromise and arrangements are made in the social networks – the dominant type of management of public affairs in this model is co-management. Solicitude of the state as a common good obliges not only a citizen, but means that a citizen has the right to expect that public authority will act so that the Republic of Poland can be considered a common good by citizens. Referring to literature, the author notes that deliberative democracy and its concept put more emphasis on the importance of conversation, discussion and debate on democratic practice than on the importance of voting. Its supporters argue that the debate improves the quality of collective decisions and increases the chances of their acceptance. Varieties of deliberative democracy range from accentuating local representation to reinforcing the debate within representative legislative bodies. The article points out the differences between discourse and deliberation. Moreover, the forms of civic participation and civic participation techniques used in Poland are presented. We have come to live in times when communication, both traditional and with the help of modern media, plays a significant role in shaping societies. It is important to understand the basic laws guiding communication, the ability to properly form interpersonal relationships, cognize the factors affecting the quality of messages transmitted, the technique of freedom of expression, the skill of persuasion and argumentation. The correct perception of the essence of dialogue in a deliberative democracy is its foundation, especially when it concerns institutions aimed at turning natural and legal persons to public decision-making process. Considering the literature, it was found that new participative solutions, primarily the ability to dialogue, could prevent a democratic deficit and also indicated that that civic participation impacts on the creation of deliberative democracy.

The author draws attention to the consideration of the complexity of civil participation in deliberative democracy, indicating that the legislator assumed that dialogue is to be a way of existence, and thus the basis of any social situation in the state. State authorities appointed to serve the people and the common good have to ask citizens about their position in the case, not in order to obtain the desired response, thus emphasizing the departure from the monologue culture in favor of dialogue and communication with the public. The author claims that the normative foundations of the community state are linked by the conviction that public values and purposes are established in the communication process. In this approach, it is important to achieve public purposes and the quality of their achievement, its constructive features are: network, multi-level management, conciliation, participation. The basic mechanisms of action of this type of state are: deliberation, compromise and arrangements are made in the social networks – the dominant type of management of public affairs in this model is co-management. Solicitude of the state as a common good obliges not only a citizen, but means that a citizen has the right to expect that public authority will act so that the Republic of Poland can be considered a common good by citizens. Referring to literature, the author notes that deliberative democracy and its concept put more emphasis on the importance of conversation, discussion and debate on democratic practice than on the importance of voting. Its supporters argue that the debate improves the quality of collective decisions and increases the chances of their acceptance. Varieties of deliberative democracy range from accentuating local representation to reinforcing the debate within representative legislative bodies. The article points out the differences between discourse and deliberation. Moreover, the forms of civic participation and civic participation techniques used in Poland are presented. We have come to live in times when communication, both traditional and with the help of modern media, plays a significant role in shaping societies. It is important to understand the basic laws guiding communication, the ability to properly form interpersonal relationships, cognize the factors affecting the quality of messages transmitted, the technique of freedom of expression, the skill of persuasion and argumentation. The correct perception of the essence of dialogue in a deliberative democracy is its foundation, especially when it concerns institutions aimed at turning natural and legal persons to public decision-making process. Considering the literature, it was found that new participative solutions, primarily the ability to dialogue, could prevent a democratic deficit and also indicated that that civic participation impacts on the creation of deliberative democracy. ; The author draws attention to the consideration of the complexity of civil participation in deliberative democracy, indicating that the legislator assumed that dialogue is to be a way of existence, and thus the basis of any social situation in the state. State authorities appointed to serve the people and the common good have to ask citizens about their position in the case, not in order to obtain the desired response, thus emphasizing the departure from the monologue culture in favor of dialogue and communication with the public. The author claims that the normative foundations of the community state are linked by the conviction that public values and purposes are established in the communication process. In this approach, it is important to achieve public purposes and the quality of their achievement, its constructive features are: network, multi-level management, conciliation, participation. The basic mechanisms of action of this type of state are: deliberation, compromise and arrangements are made in the social networks – the dominant type of management of public affairs in this model is co-management. Solicitude of the state as a common good obliges not only a citizen, but means that a citizen has the right to expect that public authority will act so that the Republic of Poland can be considered a common good by citizens. Referring to literature, the author notes that deliberative democracy and its concept put more emphasis on the importance of conversation, discussion and debate on democratic practice than on the importance of voting. Its supporters argue that the debate improves the quality of collective decisions and increases the chances of their acceptance. Varieties of deliberative democracy range from accentuating local representation to reinforcing the debate within representative legislative bodies. The article points out the differences between discourse and deliberation. Moreover, the forms of civic participation and civic participation techniques used in Poland are presented. We have come to live in times when communication, both traditional and with the help of modern media, plays a significant role in shaping societies. It is important to understand the basic laws guiding communication, the ability to properly form interpersonal relationships, cognize the factors affecting the quality of messages transmitted, the technique of freedom of expression, the skill of persuasion and argumentation. The correct perception of the essence of dialogue in a deliberative democracy is its foundation, especially when it concerns institutions aimed at turning natural and legal persons to public decision-making process. Considering the literature, it was found that new participative solutions, primarily the ability to dialogue, could prevent a democratic deficit and also indicated that that civic participation impacts on the creation of deliberative democracy.

W artykule podjęto zagadnienia związane z ewolucją kurateli jako służby dziecku uznając ją za zmienny konstrukt społeczny zdeterminowany przez różne dyskursy. Przesłanką tego twierdzenia jest fenomenologiczne założenie, że życie jest złożone, nieokreślone i opiera się na interakcji między ludźmi. "Społeczeństwo […] jest symbolicznym tworem złożonym z pojęć, ich znaczeń oraz języka, stale zmieniającego się poprzez działania ludzi, ograniczającego i umożliwiającego to działanie" (Parton, 2003, s. 5). Przedstawiono aspekty profesjonalizacji pracy kuratora w służbie dziecku w odniesieniu do złożonej aktualnej rzeczywistości, tj. "post", postprawdy, postpolityki, postsekularyzmu, posthumanizmu oraz postmodernizmu (postnowoczesności). Terminologia odzwierciedla zmiany społeczne w odniesieniu do innych rozważanych pojęć. W literaturze podejmowane są bardzo szeroko podnoszone zagadnienia, które mają związek z kryzysem rzeczywistości. Należy zwrócić uwagę, że właśnie pojęcie postprawdy utorowało sobie drogę do świata polityki i debaty politycznej, by osiągnąć tryumf poprzez uznanie je za słowo roku w 2016 r. przez redakcję Słownika Oxfordzkiego. Sprawa jest bardzo złożona, gdyż wymienione "post" w zamian dotychczasowych pojęć włącza inne postrzeganie świata i nie mamy pewności co do kierunku tych zmian. Uwzględnienie tego zagadnienia w pracy kuratora wskazuje na uwikłanie go w splot aktualnej rzeczywistości, w której funkcjonuje. Jest to więc tylko sygnał do zrozumienia złożoności pracy kuratora i pełnionej przez niego funkcji w trudnej rzeczywistości. Wszystkie złożone czynniki środowiskowe wpływają na sposób, w jaki postrzegamy troskę, opiekę, kuratelę i inne pojęcia. Uznaje się, że relacje leżą u podstaw konstrukcjonistycznej koncepcji kurateli a także przyjętej refleksyjności, czyli bezpośredniego przejścia od wiedzy do działania. Zasadniczy wątek podejmowanych rozważań wymaga zwrócenia uwagi na fakt, że wyjątkowo ważne miejsce zajmują tu regulacje prawne, zawarte w zasadach Konwencji o prawach dziecka. Termin "osoba ludzka" jest wielce ważny, zwłaszcza, że zostaje powiązany z dwiema fundamentalnymi – dla myślenia o prawach człowieka – kategoriami: godności i wartości osoby ludzkiej jako istotowymi właściwościami człowieczeństwa i ludzkiej podmiotowości. Refleksja na temat służby dziecku z natury rzeczy ma ogromne znaczenie w perspektywie tworzenia dobra, urzeczywistniania praw dziecka i rodziny. Prawo jest tym, co kieruje działaniami i relacjami międzyludzkimi, a więc regułą i miarą działania organizując je do celu. Autor zwraca uwagę na związek proklamowanych i chronionych praw z dobrem dziecka i niezwykle złożonymi zagadnieniami społeczno-prawnymi. Rozumienie prawa i praw człowieka jako podstawy służby staje się więc fundamentem pełnionej funkcji kuratorskiej. Wydaje się, że poszerzenie rozumienia prawniczego o prawo jako relację do należnych stanów rzeczy o rozumienie filozoficzne oraz prawo jako powinnościowej relacji międzyosobowej może wyjaśnić fenomen praw dziecka. Niezwykłą okazją do przedstawienia refleksji stanowi 60-lecie Deklaracji praw dziecka (ONZ 1959 r.) oraz 30-lecie ustanowienia Konwencji o prawach dziecka (ONZ 1989 r.) a także 100-lecie kurateli w Polsce, która ewaluowała na przestrzeni tego czasu od modelu kurateli społeczno-zawodowej do zawodowo-społecznego realizującego zadania o charakterze wychowawczo- resocjalizacyjnym, profilaktycznym, diagnostycznym, kontrolnym, związanym z wykonywaniem orzeczeń Sądu oraz urzeczywistniania prawa w środowisku działania. Opracowanie traktuje o początkach regulacji kurateli i jej rozwoju jak i społecznej roli zawodowej kuratora w kontekście problematyki odpowiedzialności i udziału w kreowaniu porządku, ładu społeczno-prawnego w społeczeństwie – urzeczywistniania praw dziecka. Analizę przeprowadzono w nurcie realistycznego rozumienia człowieka jako osoby, stąd też osadzona została w obszarze ochrony praw człowieka, w tym praw dziecka. Uznano za niezbędne uwzględnienie kontekstu antropologii filozoficznej odwołującej się w ugruntowaniu ludzkich uprawnień do rozumienia człowieka jako osoby, jako że teoria ta najlepiej koresponduje z poznaniem zdroworozsądkowym. Uwzględniono jednocześnie organiczny związek pomiędzy prawami człowieka a obiektywnym porządkiem natury ludzkiej, co właśnie przejawia się nie tylko w zdrowo-rozsądkowym poznaniu lecz również w rozwoju historycznym tej problematyki oraz refleksji filozoficzno-antropologicznej.

The author considers the questions relating to the formation of lawyers' professional traits from the point of view of the significance which human capital and investment in this capital hold in contemporary times. It follows from the analyses, which were carried out, that the dire need for taking up actions with the aim to shape lawyers appears one of the most vital tasks. This requires taking into account visible trends in the changing job market. Another aspect results from the need for multilevel qualifications and conditions behind lawyers' actions and their decisions. Thus, colleges of higher education which educate prospective lawyers, as well as lawyers' corporations, are confronted by challenges of forming, in young people, features that are indispensable for them to be valuable lawyers and not only executors of simple activities. The author points to the fact that lawyers need shaping because, among others, during their whole social lives and realization of professional tasks their personality traits and potential related to communication will constantly manifest through accepting and following or rejecting and opposing values, principles, reflexions, empathy, sensitivity, the farthest-fetched imagination, objectivism, cooperation, dialogue, distancing themselves from political disputes, etc. Students of the art of law should be characterized by a changed mentality, new vision of law – service to man, and realization of standards of law, as well as perception of the importance of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences.

The author undertakes to establish the legal title to performing the creative function by the two chambers of Polish Parliament as a representative of the nation. The article describes the competence of the Sejm and the Senate as the constitutional authorities of the State that perform the creative function. The creative function of the Parliament may be considered as a result of the activities of this institution for other institutions as well as the functioning of the whole system. Voters' crisis of confidence in the both chambers of Polish Parliament may also be understood as a crisis of its functions.

The author undertakes to establish the legal title to performing the creative function by the two chambers of Polish Parliament as a representative of the nation. The article describes the competence of the Sejm and the Senate as the constitutional authorities of the State that perform the creative function. The creative function of the Parliament may be considered as a result of the activities of this institution for other institutions as well as the functioning of the whole system. Voters' crisis of confidence in the both chambers of Polish Parliament may also be understood as a crisis of its functions. ; The author undertakes to establish the legal title to performing the creative function by the two chambers of Polish Parliament as a representative of the nation. The article describes the competence of the Sejm and the Senate as the constitutional authorities of the State that perform the creative function. The creative function of the Parliament may be considered as a result of the activities of this institution for other institutions as well as the functioning of the whole system. Voters' crisis of confidence in the both chambers of Polish Parliament may also be understood as a crisis of its functions.