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Der Treibhauseffekt und die verschiedenen Aspekte des Handels mit Emissionsrechten von Treibhausgasen werden diskutiert. Die handelbaren Emissionsrechte werden mit anderen Lenkungsinstrumenten verglichen. Der Inhalt der Emissionsrechte, Besonderheiten des Handels mit Emissionsrechten und die Bedingungen der Einhaltung der Emissionsziele werden problematisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Ergebnisse der Konferenz der Vertragsparteien der Klimarahmenkonvention in Kyoto 1997 bzw. des Kyoto-Protokolls analysiert. Dabei werden auch die Aufteilung der Emissionsziele innerhalb der EU, die Teilnahme von Entwicklungsländern, die Unternehmensbeteiligung am Handel mit Emissionsrechten u.a. angesprochen. Insgesamt ist die Umsetzung vieler Bestimmungen zum allgemeinen Handel mit Emissionsrechten aus dem Kyoto-Protokoll bereits entschieden. (prf)

The planetary boundaries concept has profoundly changed the vocabulary and representation of global environmental issues. We bring a critical social science perspective to this framework through the notion of societal boundaries and aim to provide a more nuanced understanding of the social nature of thresholds. We start by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of planetary boundaries from a social science perspective. We then focus on capitalist societies as a heuristic for discussing the expansionary dynamics, power relations, and lock-ins of modern societies that impel highly unsustainable societal relations with nature. While formulating societal boundaries implies a controversial process ‒ based on normative judgments, ethical concerns, and socio-political struggles ‒ it has the potential to offer guidelines for a just, social-ecological transformation. Collective autonomy and the politics of self-limitation are key elements of societal boundaries and are linked to important proposals and pluriverse experiences to integrate well-being and boundaries. The role of the state and propositions for radical alternative approaches to well-being have particular importance. We conclude with reflections on social freedom, defined as the right not to live at others' expense. Toward the aim of defining boundaries through transdisciplinary and democratic processes, we seek to open a dialogue on these issues.

The planetary boundaries concept has profoundly changed the vocabulary and representation of global environmental issues. We bring a critical social science perspective to this framework through the notion of societal boundaries and aim to provide a more nuanced understanding of the social nature of thresholds. We start by highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of planetary boundaries from a social science perspective. We then focus on capitalist societies as a heuristic for discussing the expansionary dynamics, power relations, and lock-ins of modern societies that impel highly unsustainable societal relations with nature. While formulating societal boundaries implies a controversial process ‒ based on normative judgments, ethical concerns, and socio-political struggles ‒ it has the potential to offer guidelines for a just, social-ecological transformation. Collective autonomy and the politics of self-limitation are key elements of societal boundaries and are linked to important proposals and pluriverse experiences to integrate well-being and boundaries. The role of the state and propositions for radical alternative approaches to well-being have particular importance. We conclude with reflections on social freedom, defined as the right not to live at others' expense. Toward the aim of defining boundaries through transdisciplinary and democratic processes, we seek to open a dialogue on these issues.