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The article presents a dynamic system, a controlled dynamic economic and mathematical model in the presence of risks for the processes of organization and implementation of the university specialists training management. The system is defined by parameters describing the state of the process of training specialists with higher education, as well as the number of technologies for organization and implementation of the training process and the number of risks (a priori indefinite disturbances) during the organization and implementation of the process of training specialists with higher education at a university. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc. All rights reserved. ; The research is Supported by the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement № 02.A03.21.0006».

In this article we examine the impact of international university rankings on their further development. The answers on questions about the influence of ratings indicators on higher educational institutions, as well as the effectiveness of universities financing in proportion to the position in the rating, were identified. The effectiveness of financial investments in universities when promoting one point in international rankings was calculated using an integrated assessment. Our hypothesis is that due to the achievement of target variables of the rating changes the universities structure: the effectiveness of scientific and innovation activity increases, which leads to an increase in the volume of income from this type of activity. From the point of view of scientific and practical importance, it is possible to group higher education institutions on the basis of the results obtained and allocate funds for them, which will allow achieving target indicators. Thus, this method allows you to evaluate the achievement of maximum results and optimize the funding flow. © 2018 ; The research was supported by Act « «211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement № 02.A03.21.0006».

The article explores the problem of optimising university training structure to increase focus on the labour market. The proposed solution is constructed using a deterministic approach in which the following vectors are formed: the phase vector, whose coordinates are the values of the parameters describing the training process in higher education institutions at a certain fixed point in time; the controlling action vector (control vector) that allows influencing (by means of funding, the school-leaving exam score required for admission and other parameters) the structure, volume and quality of university training on various degree courses (educational programs), as well as the corresponding deterministic restrictions. The construction of the optimisation model is realised in two stages. At the first stage, a discrete dynamic model is formed that describes the influence of the control vector on the parameters of the system parameters phase vector. At the second stage, restrictions are formed on the parameters of the mathematical model that take into account the labour market demand for university graduates, and the quality criteria (functionals) that allow evaluating the process under consideration at a set final point in time. © 2018 ; Government Council on Grants, Russian Federation ; The research was supported by «Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, agreement № 02.A03.21.0006».

The paper identifies the necessity of applying a systematic approach to comprehending the modern anthropo-logical crisis from the perspective of the aggravation of the problem of inequality, leading to the complete de-valuation of man. The aim of the work: to comprehend the possibilities of inclusion as a universal of culture to diagnose and build prospects for overcoming the problem of human devaluation as the foundation of the an-thropological crisis of modernity. Research objectives: to reveal inclusively conditioned grounds of anthropolog-ical crisis in the perspective of rapid informatization and scientific and technological breakthrough; to identify inclusive risks of anthropotechnosphere deployment, associated with the formation of new existential threats, leading to the fracture of culture and devaluation of all human beings; to identify the need to find tools to coun-teract the trends of deepening inequality between humans and artificial intelligence, leading to increased un-employment. Results: inclusive risks of loss of traditional ways of life, loss of value-meaningful coordinates of anthropo- and culture-centered professions, transfer of responsibility to artificial intelligence, leading to com-plete dehumanization and a new round of inequality were identified; aggravation of inclusive discourses of modernity in the vector of human replacement by robotic technologies was identified; the necessity of active reflection of new challenges and risks of human devaluation during the change of technological mode was shown, contributing to the development of the human development, as well as the necessity of active reflection of new challenges and risks of human devaluation during the change of technological mode, contributing to the development of the human development.

The article focuses on the comprehension of topical issues of the inclusion formation as a universal of modern culture. The work demonstrates the need to overcome the narrowness of the entrenched understanding of in-clusion as the practice of overcoming discrimination against people with health deficits. A wide range of inclu-sive initiatives has been identified, revealing the potential of inclusion as a universal culture in various spheres of society. The current interpretation of inclusive development and the principles of its implementation are pre-sented. It reveals a wide corridor of opportunities for the implementation of inclusive initiatives on the example of the unions of countries that are key partners of modern Russia – BRICS, EAEU. The specifics of the repre-sentation of inclusive transformations in modern Russian practice are revealed, their anthroposocio-cultural nature is indicated. The main value of the phenomenon under study is formulated, including the desire of an individual to be part of an inclusive community, to understand and accept the Other. The importance of inclu-sion in the social life of all members of the community, overcoming persistent discriminatory practices, is ana-lyzed. The necessity of actualization of the correlation of human freedom and responsibility, implemented through the institution of individual rights and responsibilities in the context of the deployment of inclusive initia-tives, is revealed.

Переход к экономике знания заострил внимание исследователей на развитии системы высшего образования и ее проблемах, а сами вузы поставил в конкурентную борьбу за ограниченные ресурсы. Свободная и управляемая конкуренция замыкает на себе цепочку взаимосвязанных, порой противоречивых в применении к столь социально значимой сфере, как высшее образование, понятий. Цель авторов данной исследовательской статьи – выявление с помощью метода концептуального анализа взаимосвязи между понятиями «конкуренция», «конкурентоспособность», «эффективность» и «сотрудничество» применительно к системе высшего образования. Конкуренция и сотрудничество рассматриваются как факторы, повышающие эффективность функционирования вузов. При этом в обоснованиях необходимости создания конкурентных условий для высших учебных заведений и в определениях понятия «эффективность» выявляются противоречия. Вузы рассматриваются как коммерческие организации, показатели деятельности которых замыкаются на их внутренней среде; исключаются из внимания основные функции этих образовательных учреждений: воспроизводство интеллектуального капитала и повышение качества человеческих ресурсов, а также ориентация на потребности рынка труда. Столь же ограничено и понятие «конкуренция»: оно представлено через индекс монополизации, рассчитанный в большинстве случаев через долю обучающихся студентов и не учитывающий особенности отечественной системы высшего образования. Тем не менее в работах о конкуренции и финансировании обращается внимание на общественное благо, создаваемое вузами, которое не всегда очевидно и требует финансового участия правительства. На основании результатов проведенного концептуального анализа авторы приходят к выводу, что в дискуссиях о конкуренции и эффективности вузов в контексте ассоциации их с коммерческим сектором происходит упущение целого ряда социально значимых элементов высшего образования и науки. ; The transition to the knowledge economy focused attention on the higher education system development and its problems, and put the universities in the situation of competition for limited resources. Free and controlled competition brings a chain of interrelated, sometimes contradictory concepts applied to higher education as a socially significant area. The authors of this research article by means of conceptual analysis aim at identifying the relationship between the concepts of «competition», «competitiveness», «efficiency», and «cooperation» regarding the higher education system. Competition and cooperation are considered to be factors which increase the efficiency of universities' functioning. At the same time, there are contradictions in the justifications for the need to create competitive conditions for universities and in the definitions of the concept of efficiency, University is understood to be a commercial organization, its indicators being locked in its internal environment, whereas its main functions (reproduction of intellectual capital, improving the quality of human resources, orientation to the needs of the labor market) come to be out of sight. No less limited is the concept of competition, which is represented through the index of monopolization, calculated mostly through the proportion of students enrolled, beyond taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian higher education system. However, the works on competition and financing draw attention to the public good created by universities, which is not always tangible and requires the financial participation of the government. Thus, the discussions on universities' competition and effectiveness in the context of their association with the commercial sector omit a number of socially significant elements of higher education and science.

Высшее образование претерпевает существенную трансформацию в России и в мире. Вузам и государству приходится решать сложные и порой разнонаправленные задачи. Анализ теоретических исследований типов вузов и определяющих их факторов позволяет сформировать представление о возможных драйверах развития, а многопараметрическая методика оценки состояния высшего образования позволяет выделить факторы, в наибольшей степени влияющие на изменение состояния высшего образования. Исследование показало, что факторы, влияющие на развитие системы высшего образования, зависят от стратегии развития и экономической модели вуза, государственных программ, содержащих рекомендации по развитию образовательной среды. Существенное влияние на развитие региональных систем высшего образования оказывает наличие в регионе ведущего вуза, поскольку создание таких вузов изначально было нацелено на опережающее развитие. Данная ситуация экономически обусловлена и объясняется высокой зависимостью вузов от государственного бюджета. При этом на базе ведущего вуза формируется академическая среда для активности научно-педагогических работников и студентов. Именно активность научно-педагогических работников в научно-исследовательской деятельности, а студентов - в академической сфере позитивно влияют на динамику развития региональных систем. Нарастание разрыва между ведущим и остальными вузами ведет к монополизации, снижению конкуренции и, как следствие, к снижению эффективности деятельности. Появляется необходимость в структурной перестройке. К частным факторам, влияющим на развитие системы высшего образования, относятся показатели научной деятельности и успеваемости студентов. Проведенный анализ позволяет утверждать, что зафиксированные тенденции усилятся и будет наблюдаться дальнейшая дифференциация региональных систем высшего образования с одновременным улучшением исследовательских и образовательных характеристик отдельных вузов. Однако необходимо отдельное исследование вопроса целесообразности структурной перестройки в рамках региональных систем, в связи с нарастающими в них диспропорциями в развитии. ; Recently, higher education in Russia and abroad has been transformed significantly. Both universities and the state have to tackle challenging and multidirectional tasks. Analysis of theoretical research on the types of higher education institutions and the determining factors provides insights into drivers for development. Simultaneously, multivariate methodology for assessing the state of higher education allows identifying the factors that most affect its transformation. The study demonstrates that these factors depend on the development strategy and economic model of a university as well as government programmes for the development of education and science. One of the major factors affecting the development of regional higher education is the presence of a leading university in the region. This situation is economically justified due to the strong dependence of universities on the federal budget. Moreover, a leading university creates an educational environment for academic staff and students. Their participation in scientific research and academic activities positively influence the development of regional systems. The growing gap between the leading university and other education institutions leads to monopolisation, decrease in competition, and, consequently, decline in performance. Thus, there is a need for structural changes. The particular factors affecting the development of the higher education are the indicators of academic activity and student performance. The conducted analysis suggests the intensification of the trends, indicating further differentiation of regional higher education system with a simultaneous improvement of individual universities in research and development. Additionally, it is necessary to examine the feasibility of structural adjustment within regional systems due to the growing imbalances in development. ; Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Постановления № 211 Правительства Российской Федерации, контракт № 02.A03.21.0006. ; The article has been prepared with the support of the Act 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, the contract No. 02.A03.21.0006.