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This article discusses river restoration movement through analytical frame of multilayered political process of river restoration movement. River restoration movement is very important to study, not only because of limited social science literature on this theme, but also because of the uniqueness of movement dynamic from one region to another. Method selected was an explanatory case study to explain the multilayered political process occurring in river restoration movement conducted by Forsidas Gajah Wong Yogyakarta. The first layer is base or grassroots of movement becoming an important keyword to be tipping point of the movement by building common consciousness of the urgency to recover degraded river. The process of consolidation and of building shared point of view is an unforgettable part despite spatial-scale implementation. The second layer consists of policy maker elites and central actors serving as the activator of the support raising process at either executive or legislative level. In addition, building social network between river communities reinforce the processes at base and elite levels. The procedure of movement is as follows: (1) preparing the people socially by means of building common consciousness and equating the perspectives among the people living in the river bank; (2) building consolidation between the people living in the river bank connected spatially to each other through Forsidas Gajah Wong institution; (3) raising support, lobby, and advocacy from policy makers including executives and legislatives to contribute to the process of organizing settlement along the river and rubbish and waste processing facility to reduce river degradation rate; (4) joint action constitutes mutual cooperation (gotong royong) and selfhelp in the attempt of restoring river ecosystem; and (5) reflection and movement evaluation processes. The important contribution of current research is related to the importance of multilayered political process in the procedure and the dynamic of river restoration ...

Ingeneral, condition of rivers in Indonesia is degraded and polluted. River restoration is effort to recover the function and natural conditions of river. The government has implemented several programs to improve some degraded rivers. Civil society organizations (CSO) and communities have initiated various actions to restore the rivers in some regions. By positioning the concept of river restoration as part of environmental movement, the article describes the Karang Mumus river restoration initiated by a CSO in the city of Samarinda. The CSO has practiced environmental education as an entry point and platform of actions for river restoration. The environmental education has engaged individuals and social groups in the city. They have learned and practiced actions to restore the river. Even though the more actions are still needed to recover the river, to some extent the CSO has been able to put river restoration as a centre of environmental activism in the city.Kondisi umum sungai-sungai di Indonesia adalah rusak dan tercemar. Restorasi sungai adalah upaya untuk mengembalikan fungsi dan kondisi alamiah dari sungai. Pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan berbagai program untuk memperbaiki kondisi sungai yang rusak dan tercemar. Berbagai komunitas dan organisasi masyarakat sipil (OMS) telah mengambil prakarsa untuk melakukan restorasi sungai di sejumlah daerah. Dengan menempatkan restorasi sungai sebagai bagian dari gerakan lingkungan, artikel ini memaparkan gerakan restorasi sungai Karang Mumus di Kota Samarinda. OMS mempraktikkan pendidikan lingkungan sebagai titik masuk dan platform aksi dalam melakukan upaya restorasi sungai. Pendidikan lingkungan telah mampu melibatkan warga individual dan kelompok-kelompok sosial di kota ini. Mereka belajar dan mempraktikan aksi-aksi restorasi sungai. Meskipun masih dibutuhkan lebih banyak aksi, sampai pada tingkat tertentu, OMS telah mampu menempatkan aksi-aksi restorasi sungai Karang Mumus sebagai titik pusat aktivisme lingkungan di Kota Samarinda.

This article described the discourse on ethnoreligious identity in electoral politics in NTT from the perspective of post-structuralism. The discursiveness of identity is important because it helps with how ethnoreligious identity is constructed to become hegemonic in electoral politics. Using Laclau and Mouffe's discourse theory, this study found three articulations constructing ethnoreligious identity in electoral politics to become hegemonic, namely first, the historical articulation of enemy and ally; secondly, the institutionalization of representation of ethnoreligious identity in candidate pairs; and third, the daily socio-political practices of political actors. Reflectively, even though the three articulations have different working logics, they are ultimately absorbed in the "nodal point," namely the hegemony of ethnoreligious identity in electoral politics. This study aims to raise citizens' critical awareness that the hegemony of ethnoreligious identity in electoral politics is not taken for granted but is a social construction. By gaining this awareness, the citizens are expected not to be trapped in the essentialism of identity in electoral politics. This study contributes to the discourse study of the hegemony of ethno-religious identity in electoral politics.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- List of Tables, Maps and Figures -- Acknowledgements -- About the Contributors -- 1. Environmental Movements and Politics of the Asian Anthropocene: An Introduction -- 2. Environmental Movements in Taiwan's Anthropocene: A Civic Eco-Nationalism -- 2. Environmental Movements in Taiwan's Anthropocene: A Civic Eco-Nationalism -- 3. Environmental Movements in Post-handover Hong Kong: Between Managerialism and Radicalism -- 4. The Post-politics of Environmental Engagement in Singapore -- 5. Environmental Movements in the Philippines: Contestation for Justice in the Anthropocene -- 6. Environmental NGOs in "Post- New Order" Indonesia: Saving the Forests Through Democracy -- 7. Environmental Activism in Malaysia: Struggling for Justice from Indigenous Lands to Parliamentary Seats -- 8. State, NGOs, and Villagers: How the Thai Environmental Mov ement Fell Silent -- 9. Environmental Movements in Vietnam under One-Party Rule -- 10. The Cambodian Neopatrimonial State, Chinese Investments, and Anti-dam Movements -- 11. Conclusion: Environmental Movements and Political Regimes, or Why Democracy Still Matters in the Anthropocene -- Index