Dvostruka uloga žena u suvremenoj obitelji: stavovi studenata Sveučilišta u Zadru ; The Double Role of Women in the Contemporary Family: Attitudes of Students at the University of Zadar
Obitelj je oduvijek bila u interakciji s društvenim, gospodarskim, kulturnim i drugim povijesnim tekovinama. U posljednjih 50 godina dolazi do povećanja broja žena na tržištu rada, a dvohraniteljske obitelji postaju normativ u razvijenim zemljama. Ipak, velik broj žena iz takvih obitelji ima poteškoća u usklađivanju poslovnog i obiteljskog života, posebno što se tiče skrbi za djecu, što upućuje na dvostruku ulogu žena u suvremenoj obitelji. Dakle, status žene se u društvu promijenio, no njezina uloga u obitelji, briga o djeci i teret kućanskih poslova ostaju isti kao u prošlosti kad je žena bila vezana za kuću. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove studenata Sveučilišta u Zadru prema dvostrukoj ulozi žena u obitelji u Hrvatskoj, odnosno prema položaju žene na tržištu rada i njezinim obiteljskim obvezama te utvrditi u kojoj mjeri ocjenjuju ponuđene mjere pomoći ženama u usklađivanju poslovnih i obiteljskih obveza te poboljšanja njihovog položaja u društvu efikasnima. U istraživanju je korišten prigodan uzorak od 181 ispitanika, od kojeg 91 čine žene, a 90 muškarci. Studenti općenito pokazuju umjereno egalitaran stav prema ovom problemu, a kao što je i pretpostavljeno, dobivene su razlike u stavovima, u smjeru da žene, kojima je majka stalno zaposlena te ispitanici kojima je majka obrazovanija, s jedne strane, izražavaju egalitarnije stavove od muškaraca, kojima je majka domaćica te niže obrazovana, s druge strane. Razlika se najviše očituje u vidu usklađivanja obiteljske i poslovne uloge žene te utjecaja ženine zaposlenosti na dijete. Također, analizom rezultata dobiven je podatak da ispitanici/e koji pokazuju veću osjetljivost prema pitanju dvostruke uloge žene u obitelji, kao korijen problema vide u zakonu i društvenim vrijednostima, dok rješenje za pomirenje obiteljske i profesionalne uloge žene i poboljšanja njezinog položaja u društvu vide u dosljednom primjenjivanju zakona, obrazovanju te promjeni svijesti o ravnopravnosti spolova. ; Family has always interacted with social, economic, cultural and other historical changes. In the last 50 years women have increasingly been represented in the labor market, and dual-earner families have become the norm in developed countries. Nevertheless, a great number of women from those families experience difficulties in balancing work and family life, which suggests the dual role of women in contemporary families. The status of women in society has changed, but their role in the family, childcare and household responsibilities have remained the same as when they were primarily tied to the house. The aim of this paper was to examine the attitudes of students of the University of Zadar towards the dual role of women in Croatian families, i.e. towards women's market position and family obligations, as well as to determine the extent to which students evaluate the efficiency of the offered measures that could help women with balancing work and family obligations and improve their status in society. The research was conducted on a convenient sample of 181 participants, 91 of which were women, and 90 of which were men. Students generally showed moderately egalitarian attitude towards this issue. However, as it was assumed, the results showed a difference in attitudes according to independent variables, where women, participants from humanities and social sciences, those whose mothers are employed and more educated, on the one hand, showed more egalitarian attitudes than men, participants from technical field of study, those whose mothers are homemakers and less educated, on the other hand. This difference in attitude was most evident in terms of women's balancing between work and family obligations, and the effect of their employment on the child's wellbeing. Moreover, data analysis showed that the participants who express more sensitivity towards the issue of the dual role of women, think that the root of the problem lies in the law and social values, and that a solution for the reconciliation of women's work and family obligations should be consistent gender equality law enforcement, education and the increasing of gender issue awareness.