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The recent International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) World Disasters Report 2020 and the Reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), including the Report on Oceans and the Cryosphere of 2019, point to an increasing risk of disasters and adverse effects of climate change, which are worsened by the interface between disasters and climate change. Work by humanitarian organizations in the field and by scientific experts is showing that the effects of this intersection, which makes the impact of climate change and disasters even more dramatic, are here and that measures have to be taken to protect persons affected in this context.

Sea-level rise is accelerating globally. Small island states are particularly affected by sea-level rise, as are other coastal states. In light of this situation, important legal questions arise in relation to the law of the sea.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has entered into its second decade of operations and has established itself at the centre of an international criminal justice system, comprising also domestic jurisdictions and other international courts and tribunals. However, many challenges continue to face the ICC and, indeed, such challenges are part of its own features and stem from the specificities of international law and relations. In this article, we shall discuss, in light of recent events, four of such challenges: 1) Universality; 2) Complementarity; 3) Cooperation; and 4) the Crime of Aggression. These challenges illustrate how the ICC and international criminal justice inhabit both the cultures of justice and politics and how these two aspects have to be taken into account in order for such challenges to be overcome, so that the mission of a permanent and central instrument for the fight against impunity, that historically started in Rome in 1998, becomes an inherent part of today's world.

This article1 evaluates the International Criminal Court´s first years of operation, taking stock of the institution's activity. It describes and analyzes the main challenges which confronts this institution, namely: a) universality, complementarity and cooperation; and b) peace and justice. In the specific case of Kenya, the President and Vice-President of the Republic are suspected of committing crimes against humanity. Considering the positions taken by the African Union, the debate is whether the introduction of immunity from criminal jurisdiction, albeit temporary, to Heads of State and Government while in Office may, or may not, come to represent a step backwards for the idea of combating impunity for the most serious international crimes.

Examines the legal status of East Timor, focusing on the relationship between concepts of self determination and sovereignty.

Prologue - one hundred years of international justice and its contribution to the development of international law / Patrícia Galvão Teles -- The contribution of international courts and tribunals to the methodology on international law : introduction / Manuel Almeida Ribeiro -- Method and style in international law, and the International Court of Justice's contribution / Michael Wood -- The authority of the precedents of the International Court of Justice in the argumentative practice in international law / Karem L. Cárdenas Ynfanzón -- The contribution of international courts and tribunals to the development of procedural rules : introduction / Laurence Boisson de Chazournes -- The "sparse axiomatic statement of Article 41" of the Statute of the International Court of Justice and the Court's Latest Orders : Phatemate Mathemata / Stratis G. Georgilas -- How international courts avoid the exercise of their jurisdiction : the competence of competence and "inverted judicial activism" / Anna Czaplińska -- Enhancing the International Court of Justice procedures in order to promote community interests the role of third-party intervention / Paula Wojcikiewicz Almeida -- Recent case-law of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and its significance for international law : introduction / Joanna Gomula -- Obligation to negotiate access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile) before the ICJ : the obligation to negotiate under international law and Chile's strategy / Claudio Grossman -- The law-making effect of ICJ advisory opinions a survey of the Chagos opinion /Giulia Bernabei -- "Know thyself" racial discrimination before the ICJ : recent jurisprudential developments / Ioannis Konstantinidis -- Reparation for injuries and beyond : the design of the personality and powers of international organisations by international courts / Rita Guerreiro Teixeira -- The contribution of the International Tribunal for the Low of the Sea (ITLOS) to the development of the law of the seas : introduction / Fernando Loureiro Bastos -- The contribution of ITLOS to the development of international law for protection of the marine environment and conservation of living resources / Nilüfer Oral -- Implications of the M/V "Norstar" Case (Panama v. Italy) and the M/T "San Padre Pio" Case (Switzerland v. Nigeria) for the further development of the law of the sea / Vasco Becker-Weinberg -- Limits on the use of force at sea in the jurisprudence of ITLOS. From M/ V Saiga to Ukraine/ Russia / Maria Pia V. Benosa -- Investor-state dispute settlement and its impact on international investment law : introduction / Catherine Kessedjian -- The quest for "consistency" in international investment jurisprudence and the idea of a multilateral investment court / Somesh Dutta -- Arbitration Procedure in Bilateral Investment Treaties - interactions between national, European and international courts / Lukasz Dawid Dabrowski -- The future of the contribution of international justice to the development of international law - a plea for (some) disorder / Pierre Bodeau-Livinec.