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Die strategische Bedeutung des nordischen Raumes (Skandinavien) ist zwar gewachsen, die reale Bedrohung hat sich aber nicht erhöht. Bei aller Anerkennung der Notwendigkeit einer wirksamen Verteidigung betont Schweden, seiner traditionellen Neutralitätspolitik verpflichtet, weiterhin die Forderung nach einer sicherheitspolitischen Friedenssicherung in Form von Abrüstungsverhandlungen - vor allem für Nuklearwaffen. Vorbehalte bestehen besonders gegenüber einem Einsatz von Cruise Missiles, die neutrales Territorium verletzen. - A. Thunborg: schwedischer Verteidigungsminister (Vortrag am Institut francais des relations internationales, Paris, 5.2.1985). (SWP-Btg)

The notion of employability has been dominating the higher education policies and strategies of the European Union and other western countries for two decades. From an employability perspective, individuals are responsible for acquiring the skills to find and move between jobs, market themselves, and effectively express their social, personal, and cultural capital. This article focuses on non-traditional students' perspectives of their transition from higher education to working life, especially on the pathways they have taken and the struggles they have experienced in becoming employable. A biographical learning perspective is used to analyse biographical interviews with five female students who were 25 years of age or older, with a non-Swedish background, studying full time. In the students' stories, four transition pathways from higher education to working life were identified: a linear, a parallel, a further education, and a changing career pathway. The five non-traditional students struggled with becoming employable and seemed to be anxious about not being good enough at Swedish; being an outsider as a student; being overqualified; and facing discrimination in the labour market. These employability struggles mainly arise due to the assumption that all graduates are young, Swedish, without children or disabilities, and competing only with their employability within an equal labour market. Thus, the notion of employability still gives little attention to non-traditional students and has negative consequences for them.

Meier, O.: The EU at the NPT Review Conference. - S. 8-14 ( ... ) Johnson, R.: Keeping the lid on: Britain's role and objectives in the 2005 NPT Review Conference. - S. 24-30 Thunborg, A.: Swedish nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament policy and the European Union. - S. 31-35Kmentt, A.: Austria's perspective on nuclear non-proliferation and the EU's role in this policy field. - S. 36-43 Harnisch, S.; Linden, R.: Iran and nuclear proliferation : Europe's slow-burning diplomatic crisis. - S. 44-54

The European objective of a modal shift of freight transports to railways will require extensive upgrading of existing railway lines since very few dedicated freight railways are currently being built and existing lines were built for traffic demands at the time of construction. A transition to increased and enhanced railway freight operations can therefore be costly and complicated. To minimize negative effects, a guideline for upgrading was developed within the Capacity4Rail project. This handbook presents the major findings. In particular it outlines different upgrading possibilities and their implications, and details structured approaches to upgrading analyses. It discusses possibilities for upgrading of substructures, bridges, tunnels, and the track structure. In these areas, an overview of challenges and possibilities is presented together with examples of experience from operational upgrading. It concludes that freight line upgrading using a more streamlined approach as outlined in the guideline is a necessity if EU objectives on modal shifts in transportation are to be met. Further, it demonstrates why a political drive is necessary to increase efforts to upgrade freight lines. ; Capacity for Rail: Towards an affordable, resilient, innovative and high-capacity European Railway System for 2030/2050