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Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of tables and figures -- List of abbreviations -- List of photos and map -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Introductory notes -- 1.2. Origin and development of language -- 1.3. Language loss: a brief history -- 1.4. Dialects, migrant languages, and enclave languages -- 1.5. Notes on terminology -- 1.6. Summary of Chapter 1 -- 2. Degree of language endangerment -- 2.1. Introductory notes -- 2.2. Previous classifications -- 2.3. Terms employed -- 2.4. Summary of Chapter 2 -- 3. Current state of language endangerment -- 3.1. Introductory notes -- 3.2. Current state worldwide -- 3.3. Ainu of Japan -- 3.4. Austronesian languages -- 3.5. Languages of Australia -- 3.6. Languages of South America -- 3.7. Languages of Central America -- 3.8. Languages of North America -- 3.9. Languages of the former USSR -- 3.10. Languages of Northern Europe -- 3.11. Celtic languages -- 3.12. Languages of Africa -- 3.13. Languages of India and neighbouring regions -- 3.14. Languages of China and neighbouring regions -- 3.15. Summary of Chapter 3 -- 4. Approaches to language endangerment -- 4.1. Introductory notes -- 4.2. Language documentation approach -- 4.3. Language endangerment phenomenon approach -- 4.4. Models of language endangerment -- 4.5. Summary of Chapter 4 -- 5. Definitions and types of language death -- 5.1. Introductory notes -- 5.2. Definitions of language death -- 5.3. Types of language death -- 5.4. Summary of Chapter 5 -- 6. External setting of language endangerment -- 6.1. Introductory notes -- 6.2. Ecology of language -- 6.3. Causes of language endangerment -- 6.4. Summary of Chapter 6 -- 7. Speech behaviour: sociolinguistic aspects of language endangerment -- 7.1. Introductory notes -- 7.2. Functional domains -- 7.3. Language shift -- 7.4. Summary of Chapter 7 -- 8. Structural changes in language endangerment.