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Visualizing the various operational contexts of recent Land Forces' employment, there were many situations where the nominated structures also faced unconventional adversaries, even though, initially, the nature of operation had been identified as having a conventional pattern. This particularity is perpetuated more and more aggressively, determining the conventional military structures of the Land Forces to operate in order to face both regular and irregular forces, even within the same AO. Based on these coordinates, the article triggers to identify the principles needed to adjust the operational approach of Land Forces, so that the organic structures can perform in engaging the adversary from AOs within current and future operations. Also, a subsidiary objective of the present research is to identify the mutations at the level of ACOAs based on which the adjustment of FFCOAs will be made.

Keywords: hybrid operational approach; ACOA, FFCOA; regular forces; irregular forces.

Vizualizând diferitele contexte operaționale ale angajării recente a Forțelor Terestre, nu puține au fost situațiile în care structurile nominalizate s-au confruntat și cu adversari neconvenționali, cu toate că, inițial, natura operației fusese definită ca având o nuanță convențională. Această particularitate se perpetuează tot mai agresiv, determinând structurile convenționale ale Forțelor Terestre să opereze pentru a face față atât forțelor regulate, cât și celor neregulate, chiar și în cadrul aceleiași AO. Pe aceste coordonate, articolul are ca scop identificarea principiilor necesare ajustării abordării operaționale a Forțelor Terestre, astfel încât structurile organice să poată performa în angajarea adversarului din AOs în cadrul operațiilor curente și viitoare. De asemenea, un alt obiectiv subsidiar cercetării de față constă în identificarea mutațiilor la nivelul ACOAs, pe baza cărora se va realiza ajustarea FFCOAs.

Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI's contributions in optimizing commander's decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.

Visualizing the various operational contexts of recent Land Forces' employment, there were many situations where the nominated structures also faced unconventional adversaries, even though, initially, the nature of operation had been identified as having a conventional pattern. This particularity is perpetuated more and more aggressively, determining the conventional military structures of the Land Forces to operate in order to face both regular and irregular forces, even within the same AO. Based on these coordinates, the article triggers to identify the principles needed to adjust the operational approach of Land Forces, so that the organic structures can perform in engaging the adversary from AOs within current and future operations. Also, a subsidiary objective of the present research is to identify the mutations at the level of ACOAs based on which the adjustment of FFCOAs will be made. Keywords: hybrid operational approach; ACOA, FFCOA; regular forces; irregular forces.

The frequency of operational changes, which are often unpredictable, and the difficulty of addressing the challenges posed by them represent sufficient motivational factors to trigger the Land Forces' adaptation to the requirements of the operational environments. For these reasons, the article aims to highlight the foundation of a new operational approach able to ensure for Land Forces' military structures the augmentation of their combat power and also the possibility to transcend the traditional approach of the military operation to a multidomain one, much more suitable to the context of contemporary and future operational environments. Also, highlighting the attributes necessary for commanders, staff and subordinate structures, as well as analyzing the operational implications for Land Forces' military structures are the primary objectives which are circumscribed to the purpose of this research.

The Bulletin of "Carol I" National Defense University published by the Publishing House of the University is a quarterly scientific, peer-reviewed journal from Bucharest, Romania.The aim of Bulletin is to disseminate the results of the theoretical and practical research investigations undertaken by reputable professionals in the holistic field of defense resources management.The continuous changes at the level of higher military education in Romania, and especially those produced in the dissemination of information, have affected the means of communication and use at the level of human knowledge. The political, economic and social changes that have taken place over the years have also had a strong influence on how the military specialists, involved in the education process were to be informed. Thus, "Carol I" National Defense University Bulletin represents a forum for debate and analysis for academic and professional backgrounds and it is open to teachers, researchers, doctoral students and postdoctoral students, students, military and civilian personnel, to institutions belonging to the sphere of defense, public order and national security.

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the interaction between human, economic and social development in Romania, in the period 2010-2019. To facilitate the examination of the human development, I have used the human development index and its components, while the economic development has been examined using gross domestic product per capita and its determinants. On the other hand, in the case of social development, I have used the poverty rate and other relevant indicators. The conclusion of the paper is that Romania has been on an upward trend in terms of development in the post-crisis period, but further progress are needed to be able to mitigate the development gaps towards the European Union.

This paper provides an analysis of the human development drivers in the European Union. The variables used cover the 2010-2017 period, during which the Member States have faced different economic and social challenges generated by the global economic crisis. In the analysis, I used Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares, weighted with the Period SUR option. The paper confirms a direct relationship between three independent variables (life expectancy, corruption perception index and gross fixed capital formation) and the dependent variable - the human development index. In this context, the study demonstrated that a decrease in the dimension of corruption leads to an increase in the human development, since the growth of corruption perception index is associated with a fall in the corruption dimension. On the other hand, an inverse relationship was identified between the other two exogenous variables (the share of people leaving education and training early, respectively employment in agriculture) and the human development index.

This paper analyse the way how the sustainable developments components are interacting between them and reflects on a possible trade-off between social, human, economic, technological and environmental progress. In this context, I have computed the Pearson correlation coefficient between the mentioned forms of development for 2010-2018 period, but in some cases, my analysis was limited to a lower period due to the data availability. At all, I have concluded that social, human, economic, technological and environmental development are positively linked, but the link between technological and social development depends on the degree of automation which may spread certain social imbalances across the European Union on short-run. However, the link between social and technological development remain positive when it is assessed through the digitalisation channel or the growth of the IT&C sector.

This paper examines the economic development drivers and the ones of the social development in order to check if there is a potential trade-off between these development forms at the level of European Union, with a focus on human development and technological progress. In this context, I have used panel yearly data covering the period 2010-2018 for EU Member States. Both models were estimated using Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares and some weighting options as Period SUR and Cros-section weights. However, the specificities of the data led to a different application of the methods in the case of the mentioned models. In this regard, I have run a Fixed Effects Model in studying the determinants of economic development and a None Effects Model when analysing the drivers of social development. The main results of the paper showed a positive relationship between human development and social and economic development. In adition, the study estimated a positive impact of ITC sector on economic development and a negative one on the poverty rate. However, the negative impact of ITC on social development is quite low and it may also include a positive impact on poverty (lower than the one manifested through the opportunities channel) exercised by automation, but this needs to be further explored. Both models provided feasible results which strengthens the confidence in the examined relationships.

This paper aims to provide an analysis of the determinants of poverty rate in ten Member States of the European Union from the Central and Eastern Europe, and of the way how its influenced poverty in the 2009-2016 period. In order to estimate the impact, I used panel technique and Estimated Generalized Least Squares method with no effects, weighted by Period SUR option to provide more consistent estimators. To verify if the model is correctly specified and to confirm the maximum verisimilitude of the estimators, I tested the Gauss-Markov. The conclusion of the paper is that the unemployment rate, rural population, as well as the early leavers rate of people aged between 18-24, have a positive impact on the rate of people at risk of poverty rate after social transfers. On the other hand, the government spending on social protection has a negative impact on the used dependent variable.

This paper proposes a robust fault-tolerant control (FTC) for the dual three-phase (DTP) induction machines under failures controlled by a higher-order sliding mode control strategy. However, the DTP induction machine is increasingly used because of better reliability and a supply division. A passive and an active FTC law have been designed and tested on DTP. The proposed method not only realizes the FTC and the fault elimination but also provides a possible solution for emulating a traction system using a direct continue machine (DCM) supplied by a four-quadrant chopper. Therefore, the emulation system is based on a controlled DCM, which imposes the same behavior of the mechanical power train of an electric vehicle to the DTP. Simulation results are given to verify the robustness and good performance of the proposed fault-tolerant control scheme.