Horizons in Earth Science Research. Volume 22
In: Horizons in Earth Science Research Ser.
Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Predicting Summer Monsoon Rainfall in the Indian Context: Impact and Challenges -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Impact of Monsoon Rainfall and the Need for Prediction -- Impact of Extremely Heavy Rainfall in a Short Duration of Time -- Impact due to Excess Rainfall over a Long Duration -- Impact of Deficient Rainfall -- Impact of Intraseasonal and Interannual Variability of Rainfall -- Challenges in Predicting Monsoon Rainfall -- History of Predictor Identification -- Predictability of Monsoon Rainfall -- Parameters That Influence Predictability of the Monsoons -- Prediction Skill of Dynamic Models -- Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Monsoon Rainfall Prediction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 -- Urban Mining of Rare Earth Elements from E-Waste: Progress, Challenges and Perspectives -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Global Rare Earth (RE) Element Reserves -- The Largest REE Producers -- RE Ores and Extraction Processes -- Rare Earth Supply and Demand Trends -- NdFeB Permanent Magnets -- NdFeB Magnet Application Areas -- NdFeB Magnet Recycling -- NdFeB Magnet Production Technology -- Traditional NdFeB Magnet Production from Primary Ores/Metals -- Magnet-to-Magnet NdFeB Recycling Route -- Automotive NdFeB Magnets -- Recycling of Magnets from PM Motors -- Disassembly and Dismantling of Rotor and Stator -- HDD Magnets -- Air Conditioner Compressor NdFeB Magnets -- Wind Turbines -- NdFeB Magnet Recycling -- Resintering of Scrap NdFeB Magnets -- Recasting and Melt Spinning of Sintered NdFeB Magnet Scrap -- Hydrogen Processing of Magnet Scrap (HPMS)/Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) -- Hydrogen Disproportion Desorption and Recombination (HDDR) Process -- Magnet-to-Magnet Recycling -- Waste-to-REE Recycling -- Leaching REEs from NdFeB Magnets -- Precipitation Separation.