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In zijn inaugurele rede 'Recht in de marge' analyseert Michel Vols het openbare-orderecht. Dat is het rechtsgebied dat relevant is voor lokale overheden die, veelal samen met private partijen en strafrechtelijke actoren, trachten de orde en rust te handhaven. Het openbare-orderecht manifesteert zich doorgaans aan de randen van de maatschappij en heeft grote impact op gemarginaliseerde mensen en groepen. Vols onderzoekt of de toepassing van wetgeving mensen meer of minder richting de marge en in de verdrukking drukt. Welke bescherming biedt het recht in de marge? Is het recht zelf in verdrukking gekomen? Hoe dient de rechtswetenschap de werking van het recht in de marge te bestuderen? En is dat nog wel mogelijk, nu de rechtswetenschap zelf vanwege gebrek aan financiering in de verdrukking lijkt te komen? 00De auteur werkt drie casus uit waarin het openbare-orderecht zich openbaart. In iedere casus speelt een ander klassiek rechtsgebied een rol. De eerste casus gaat over de toepassing van de Wet bijzondere maatregelen grootstedelijke problematiek (de Rotterdamwet). De tweede casus ziet op bestuursrechtelijke en huurrechtelijke gedragsaanwijzingen die diepgaand ingrijpen in het leven van verwarde personen. Tot slot gaat de derde casus gaat over kraken en de rechtsbescherming die geboden wordt aan krakers. Vols toont aan dat de rechtsbescherming in de marge onder druk staat en dat het gebruikmaken van rechtsbescherming soms zelfs verdacht gemaakt wordt. Hij bespreekt welke rol rechtswetenschappers (moeten) hebben in het adresseren en analyseren van deze problematiek. Aan de hand van een analyse van cijfers verkregen van de Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek toont hij aan dat de rechtswetenschap zelf fors onder druk staat.0

Abstract
Over 75 per cent of the jurisprudence under the op-icescr deals with the right to housing as laid down in Article 11 of the icescr. States parties should provide adequate alternative housing after evictions. However, this far-reaching requirement may lead to moral hazard. The study presents a new understanding of the adverse effects of extensive protection, such as universal eviction protection, which may cause strategic defaults. The study suggests that a restrictive and reasonable interpretation of Article 11 icescr may reduce the incentive for defaults but may not prevent land-grabbing or squatting.

An eviction is a most extreme form of interference with the right to respect for the home. European case law pushes towards more protection of (vulnerable) residents in housing law relationships, and limits property rights and the freedom of contract of property owners. This has resulted in intense debates about the horizontal effects of human rights law and the impact of human rights in landlord-tenant relationships. This article deepens our understanding of the meaning and the influence of human-rights based proportionality enquiries in eviction cases in the rental sector. It assesses how the right to advance a proportionality defence is implemented and whether any indications exists that human-rights based proportionality enquiries improve the legal position of tenants. Doctrinal research and comparative legal analysis show that this is not the case in a large share of the contracting states due to the unwillingness of national judges and lawmakers. Besides that, a quantitative case law analysis shows that there are no indications for a true paradigmatic shift. Although tenants do put forward proportionality defences, no significant differences are found between cases in which the tenant raise a proportionality defence and cases in which they do not advance such a defence. Yet, the European law's push for more protection of vulnerable people might in the end lead to some systemic as well as practical changes. Proportionality enquiries may influence property owners' litigation strategies, and as a result, have an impact in the stages before and after the court procedure too.

Purpose – In 2011, Dutch municipalities requested supplementary legal enforcement instruments to tackle rogue landlords and substandard housing. The national government implemented new legislation granting municipalities' local authorities more legal instruments in 2015. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the application and effectiveness of these instruments. Design/methodology/approach – Using both quantitative and qualitative (legal) empirical research methods, this study establishes the frequency these instruments are used and the manner they are applied in practice to determine their role in limiting abusive practices of rogue landlords. Findings – By comparing legislation and policies with their enforcement, the authors pinpoint differences between the law in the books and the law in practice and argue that the legal instruments have a stronger effect on the informal power than on formal power of local authorities. Moreover, the paper shows that the shift of responsibility from the Public Prosecutions Office to local authorities has left the Public Prosecutions Office disinterested, feeling that it no longer has to deal with substandard housing violations at all, therefore leaving the repeat offenders free to continue their activities with minor consequences. Originality/value – The paper presents original data on the ways governments address substandard housing and rogue landlords. This is the first study that analyses the fight against substandard housing in the Dutch context. Although centred on legislation and procedures in The Netherland, the paper's findings are relevant in other jurisdictions facing similar issues.

This article analyses if, and how, the international right to housing obliges states to protect the victims of justifiable evictions, particularly evictions due to rent arrears. It concerns a comparative analysis of practices in one Asian and one European jurisdiction: Indonesia and the Netherlands. The study juxtaposes measures adopted by each of the governments, regarding their obligations to protect tenants from eviction and to rehouse them post-eviction. As the use of rental accommodation in Indonesia is increasing, a comparison with the Netherlands – where rental accommodation has a prominent role – is beneficial. One significant finding is there is a grey area regarding the protection of people who are evicted due to rent arrears. Although states should protect these victims in the same way as they do people affected by (urban) development, it is unclear how far this protection should go. In the absence of parameters for such protection, the two countries have adopted measures to prevent victims from becoming homeless. The Netherlands protects tenants by providing legal mechanisms against the threat of eviction, and by providing adequate shelter for such victims. Indonesia also shows its intention to protect tenants, by adopting an ad hoc policy to help tenants pay their rent. These measures both seem to be effective, yet there is still a pivotal need for more structured frameworks.

The DNA of therapeutic jurisprudence / David B. Wexler -- Therapeutic jurisprudence : a maturing discipline / Nigel Stobbs, Lorana Bartels and Michel Vols -- Therapeutic jurisprudence as pure research and as a theoretical framework for applied research / Nigel Stobbs -- The theory and methodology of therapeutic jurisprudence / Michel Vols -- Therapeutic jurisprudence, intellectual activism and legislation : a suggested methodology / David C. Yamada -- Paying attention to the person : compassion, equality and therapeutic jurisprudence / Anthony Hopkins and Lorana Bartels -- A TJ approach to mental disability rights research : on sexual autonomy and sexual offending / Michael L. Perlin, Heather Cucolo and Alison J. Lynch -- Death investigation and therapeutic jurisprudence / Ian Freckelton -- Attending to the local, global and somewhere in between : researching with communities to explore New Zealand specialist criminal courts and therapeutic jurisprudence / Katey Thom and Stella Black -- Towards an evidence-based legitimacy of justice-procedural justice model in offender release and supervision / Martine Herzog-Evans -- From TJ principles to policy and practice : operationalizing TJ within the correctional system to enhance offender rehabilitation : examples from Australia / Astrid Birgden -- Free legal aid for women and therapeutic jurisprudence : a critical examination of the Indian model / Debarati Halder -- Understanding family violence in the court : applying a therapeutic jurisprudence lens to courtroom research / Karen Gelb -- Evaluating the application of therapeutic jurisprudence principles : what should we look for? : lessons from the drug court experience / Caroline Cooper -- Mental health courts through the lens of social control theory : reflections on writing a (sort of) "TJ" PhD / Liz Richardson -- Reflections on sentencing issues in the broadcast trial of Oscar Pistorius / Annette van der Merwe

This paper focuses on the regulation of prostitution in the Netherlands from the twentieth century onward. It aims to provide a full description of the Dutch position on prostitution through the interpretation and explanation of current Dutch prostitution policy. This will be achieved by analyzing the legal narratives that substantiate the legal rules provided in both Dutch criminal and administrative law concerning the regulation of prostitution. We analyze the Dutch prostitution legislation of the past, present, and future, using a newly developed analytical framework. Using this framework, we reconstruct the legislator's attitude towards prostitution using insights from previous theoretical work on prostitution and using models aimed at regulating this phenomenon that range from a total ban to full decriminalization. In our analysis, we also use the legitimating grounds for application of criminal law developed by Feinberg. These grounds are also used in this paper to interpret the administrative intervention in prostitution. This paper reveals a paradox: The idea of a liberal dream goes hand-in-hand with growing repression of freedom in the Dutch prostitution sector.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the implementation of the minimum level of protection against the loss of the home that arises from Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights in the Netherlands. The paper focuses on anti-social behaviour related cases in which the landlord requests the court to issue an eviction order. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a statistical analysis of nearly 250 judgements concerning housing related anti-social behaviour. Findings A significant difference is found in the court's attitude against drug related anti-social behaviour and other types of nuisance. Moreover, it is found that in two-thirds of the cases the tenant advanced a proportionality defence. Although the European Court stresses the need of a proportionality check, Dutch courts ignore the tenant's proportionality defence in 10% of the cases and issue an eviction order in the majority of all cases. Advancing a proportionality defence does not result in any difference for the court decision. Originality/value The paper presents original data on the legal protection against eviction in cases concerning anti-social behaviour. This is the first study that analyses the approach towards housing related anti-social behaviour in the context of the European minimum level of protection. Whilst centred on legislation and procedures in the Netherland its findings and discussion are relevant in other jurisdictions facing similar issues.