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Just how resilient are our urban societies to social, energy, environmental and/or financial shocks, and how does this vary among cities and nations? Can our cities be made more sustainable, and can environmental, economic and social collapse be staved off through changes in urban form and travel behaviour? How might rising indebtedness and the recent series of financial crises be related to automobile dependence and patterns of urban automobile use? To what extent does the system and economy of automobility factor in the production of urban socio-spatial inequalities, and how might these ine

AbstractCanada's experience during and after the financial crisis appears to distinguish it from its international peers. Canadian real estate sales and values experienced record increases since the global financial crisis emerged in 2008, rather than declines, and Canada did not witness any bank failures. The dominant trope concerning Canada's financial and housing markets is that they are sound, prudent, appropriately regulated and 'boring but effective'. It is widely assumed that Canadian banks did not need, nor receive, a 'bailout', that mortgage lending standards remained high, and that the securitization of mortgages was not widespread. The truth, however, does not accord with this mainstream view. In fact, the Canadian financial and housing markets reveal marked similarities with their international peers. Canada's banks needed, and received, a substantial 'bailout', while federal policies before and after the financial crisis resulted in the massive growth of mortgage securitization and record household indebtedness. This article documents the growth of Canada's housing bubble, the history of mortgage securitization, and of government policies implemented before and after the crisis. Instead of making the Canadian financial and housing sectors more resilient and sustainable, the outcomes of state responses are best understood as regressively redistributive.

Privately owned high-rise condominiums have been increasing as a proportion of all housing units built in the Greater Toronto Area for many decades. This has inspired a growing literature theorizing both "condoism" as an emergent planning-development regime and the implications of "condoization" and "condofication" for urban governance and everyday life in cities like Toronto. Building on this literature, this article assesses the implications of Toronto's increasing reliance on (mainly vertical) condominium development for the socio-spatial transformation of the housing market, particularly for renters. Analyzing time-series data from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and the Census of Canada to quantify the effects of the city's condoization, we answer three key questions: How important is condominium development for understanding the restructuring of Toronto's economy? How has condoization contributed to the ongoing gentrification of Toronto's inner city? How is condoization restructuring Toronto's rental market? Building on previous research categorizing and mapping the gentrification of Toronto's inner city, we find that condoization is an increasingly defining element restructuring the city's rental market, while this restructuring also plays a central role in the advancing gentrification of the city's core.

Inequality and Neighbourhood Change: Context, Concept, and Process / Larry S. Bourne and J. David Hulchanski -- Plus ça Change: Neighbourhood Inequality in Canadian Cities since 1900 / Richard Harris -- Using Social Dimensions and Neighbourhood Typologiesto Characterize Neighbourhood Change / Ivan Townshend and Robert Murdie -- Inequality and Neighbourhood Change in the Greater Toronto Region / Alan Walks -- Montreal: The Changing Drivers of Inequality between Neighbourhoods / Xavier Leloup and Damaris Rose -- The Social Geography of Uneven Incomes in Metropolitan Vancouver / David Ley and Nicholas Lynch -- Hamilton: Poster Child for Concentrated Poverty / Richard Harris -- Halifax: Scaling Inequality / Jill L. Grant and Howard Ramos -- Neighbourhood Change in Calgary: An Evolving Geography of Income Inequality and Social Difference / Ivan Townshend, Byron Miller, and Derek Cook -- People, Policies, and Place: Winnipeg's Indigenized and Internationalized Inner-City Neighbourhoods / Jino Distasio and Sarah Zell -- Mapping Canada's Fragmented Social Policy Space: Plotting Ways to Reverse Trends in Inequality and Segregation through Coordinated Poverty Reduction / Scott Graham, Stephanie Procyk, and Michelynn Laflèche -- Evaluating Neighbourhood Inequality and Change: Lessons from a National Comparison / Jill L. Grant, Alan Walks, and Howard Ramos.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- List of acronyms -- List of Contributors -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Critical dialogues of urban governance, development and activism in London and Toronto: -- Why Toronto and London? -- Critical dialogues as part of the comparative gesture -- Universities as part of the community of city builders -- Dialogic lenses of the comparative urban condition in Toronto and London -- Governance in the global city -- Real estate and housing -- Community, activism and engagement

Encouraging neighbourhood social mix has been a major goal of urban policy and planning in a number of different countries. This book draws together a range of case studies by international experts to assess the impacts of social mix policies and the degree to which they might represent gentrification by stealth. The contributions consider the range of social mix initiatives in different countries across the globe and their relationship to wider social, economic and urban change. The book combines understandings of social mix from the perspectives of researchers, policy makers and planners and the residents of the communities themselves. Mixed Communities also draws out more general lessons from these international comparisons - theoretically, empirically and for urban policy. It will be highly relevant for urban researchers and students, policy makers and practitioners alike