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This research examined the associations between resilience, fear of COVID-19, coronavirus anxiety and COVID-19 burnout. The study also aimed to validate the COVID-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS) in Urdu. Participants included 812 Pakistani young adults (55.7% males; mean age 26.4 ± 8.7 years). Results supported a one-factor solution for the COVID-19-BS with high reliability. Mediation analysis showed that resilience mediated the relationships between fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety with COVID-19 burnout. The study provided preliminary evidence that fear of COVID-19 and coronavirus anxiety might be significant risk factors for burnout among the Pakistani general population, and resilience might mitigate the impacts of these factors.

DergiPark: 326146 ; trakyasobed ; Countries have attracted foreign sources with a limited time by external debt transactions. Basically foreign debts are used to finance budget deficit and current account deficits. Providing temporary relief for the country's economy, foreign debts may case troubles when the time comes for payment of interest and principal payments unless they are invested in productive areas. Ottoman had lived this experience by losing her fiscal independence. The Ottoman Empire took its first foreign debt in 1854 from the United Kingdom because of the Crimean War and the amount of foreign debts continuously increased in subsequent years. In this study, it is subjected that the foreign debts taken in the period of 1854-1874 was the first twenty years of the foreign debt adventure of the Ottoman Empire and the cost of the debts taken to the state. Then, the foreign debts are recalculated for the amount of money today which dragged the Ottoman Empire into bankruptcy. Thus, though it covers a very short period, how the excessive foreign borrowing led a state to fall into insolvency is tried to explain. ; Dış borçlanma ile ülkelerin amacı, yurt dışı kaynakları sınırlı bir süre ile ülke içine çekmektir. Alınan dış borçlar temelde, cari denge açıkları ile bütçe açıklarının finansmanında kullanılmaktadırlar. Alındığı zaman ülke ekonomisine geçici bir rahatlık sağlayan dış borçlar, üretimi artıracak alanlara yatırılmadıkları takdirde, ileride faiz ve anapara taksitlerinin ödenme zamanı geldiğinde sıkıntı yaratabilmektedir. Osmanlı bu deneyimi mali bağımsızlığını kaybederek yaşamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti ilk dış borcunu Kırım Savaşı nedeni ile 1854 yılında İngiltere'den almış, sonraki yıllarda dış borçlanma artarak sürmüştür. Alınan dış borçlar kısa sürede devletin iflasına neden olmuş ve Osmanlı Devleti mali açıdan çökmüştür. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti'nin dış borç macerasının ilk yirmi yılı olan 1854-1874 döneminde yapılan dış borçlanmalar ve bunun devlete maliyeti konu edilmiştir. Sonra Osmanlı Devleti'ni mali olarak iflasa sürükleyen dış borç tutarlarının günümüz parasıyla karşılığı hesaplanmıştır. Böylelikle, çok kısa bir dönemi kapsasa da ölçüsüz dış borçlanmanın bir devleti nasıl iflasa sürüklediği anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır.

This study examined the mediating roles of psychological resilience and hope in the relationship between school burnout, and the well-being of students. Participants consisted of 721 Turkish secondary school students, (52.6% girls; mean age = 12.76 ± 0.82) studying from grades 5 to 8. The participants completed the School Burnout Inventory, Children's Hope Scale, Child and Youth Resilience Measure, and Stirling Children's Well-Being Scale. The results showed that school burnout was negatively related to resilience, hope, and well-being. Resilience and hope were positively associated with well-being. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that resilience and hope mediated the impact of school burnout on well-being. These results emphasize the potential of resilience and hope as key factors in enhancing well-being among secondary school students. They also provide a foundation for developing targeted interventions to foster well-being within the school context by promoting strength-based strategies and practices, including cultivating resilience and hope.

Objective: Psychological capital refers to internal resources including self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience to overcome adverse life events. The current study sought to examine the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and job satisfaction and work performance in healthcare professionals.Methods: Participants were 302 healthcare professionals [48% females; M(SD)age = 34.0 (7.5)] and completed measures of intolerance of uncertainty, psychological capital, work performance, and job satisfaction.Results: The findings indicated that intolerance of uncertainty was negatively correlated with psychological capital, work performance, and job satisfaction, whereas psychological capital was positively correlated with job satisfaction and work performance. More importantly, the findings revealed that these relationships were mediated by psychological capital.Conclusion: The results provide several contributions that help to understand the role of psychological capital in the relationship between intolerance to uncertainty and job satisfaction and work performance.

We investigated the most important mental health facilitators and barriers for a Nigerian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from 122 participants (72% females) using Online Photovoice (OPV) method. We used Online Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (OIPA) approach and found nine facilitator themes. The four most reported facilitators were social support (34%); hobbies (26%); creating space for or experiencing enjoyable feelings, bodily sensations, and comfort (25%); and spirituality/religiosity (9%). Nine main barrier themes emerged (e.g. unenjoyable feelings, 53%; COVID-19 restrictions, 30%; inadequate social interaction, 19%; and financial issues, poverty, 18%). We discussed the implication and limitations of the findings.