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Giovanni Bellini (b. 1435/40-d. 1516) has long been considered a dominant figure in the Venetian painting of the Early-High Renaissance, his main reputation being a colourist. The distinctive optical and technical characteristics of his work have drawn substantial scholarly attention in the present century, but the studies in this subject have not been developed as a coherent theory with regard to changes in painting technique in the fiftenth-century Italy. The purpose of this dissertation, therefore, is to investigate Bellini's choice and application of painting materials, attempting to establish links between the technical qualities and the formal values of his work. In the process of establishing Bellini's position with regard to the use of paint media and support, this thesis also provides a substantial overview of the use of canvas and of oil pain in the later fifteenth century. The study is encouraged by recent discoveries about Bellini's technique that have emerged from conservation of his paintings. As well as addressing published conservation results, the thesis includes new observations on four canvases attributed to Bellini's father Jacopo, and two Madonnas from Bellini's workshop scientifically examined at UCL Painting Analysis. In order to investigate Bellini's colour and handling of paint within a broader socio-economic milieu, this study deals with the commercial documents such as tariffs, government records, and merchant account books, indicating that Venice was the centre of the international colour trade and that Venetians were widely engaged with this trade. The resulting advantages of Venetian painters who were active at this commercial heart, and the question of how deeply the pragmatic experience of colours that Venetian merchants obtained from the trade penetrated their aesthetic taste will be discussed. Using both scientific and documentary analyses in combination with visual analysis which integrates these findings, this study examines Bellini's translation of the skills of tempera to oil pain and the stylistic changes that occurred with the extensive use of oil medium. It looks at how Bellini developed canvas as a support for mural painting and the technique he employed on such an unconventional support. It will also study the methods in which he established the predominance of colour as an element of composition at the early sixteenth century. In conclusion, it will argue that Bellini's increasing choice of canvas and corresponding use of oil on it changed the general concept of picture-making and became a new format of painting that was to exert a crucial influence on Cinquecento Venetian painting.

With China's emergence as a global manufacturing centre, reshaping the country's logistics industry is assuming a global dimension too. The Chinese transport sector, despite its tremendous potential in facilitating the economic development of the country, is plagued with problems of insufficient infrastructure; overlapping regulatory authority; operational inefficiencies and a lack of logistics culture. The thesis shows that China urgently needs to restructure the architecture of its transport industry by incorporating logistics thinking and by embodying the strategic objectives of logistics development. Restructuring the architecture of transport logistics (ATL) aims to improve, the mechanism of integrated operations and planning, as well as the development of transport logistics infrastructure and facilities. Based on experiences from developed economies as a reference, and by integrating its own conditions and situation, the thesis argues that China needs to strengthen co-ordination and harmonization among the various components of its logistics system. The architecture of transport logistics (ATL) consists of an integrated and coordinated system. The main function of the system is to accelerate interaction and coordination among transport logistics enterprises, government agencies, and relevant institutions at national level. This research presents a framework for the establishment of an efficient ATL system in China with appropriate structure, complete functions, and efficient operations. The presented framework focuses on the macroeconomic environment of transport logistics and supporting systems, presenting at the same time a monitoring and early warning system for effective pre-emptive decision making at policy level.

Due to global interest in the improvement of national income and quality of life, eco-labeled food (ELF) for sustainable consumption and personal healthcare has been increasing. This study aims to contribute to two research streams by examining the quality of ELF in forests (ELFF). First, this study intends to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) of ELFF producers for the certification verified by the government-supported institution and investigate the difference in certification costs between the actual certificating authority and ELFF producers. Second, this study aims to figure out the perception mechanism of how consumers who would like to purchase ELFFs recognize the effect of enhanced certification. These efforts may contribute to the research on how to raise interest in the production of ELF-related products and sustainable consumption. To achieve the purpose of this study, we adopted contingent valuation methods (CVM) to measure WTPs using interview-based surveys with 40 ELF producers and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to examine the effect of certification with 112 consumers who experienced ELF consumption. Results of this study provide theoretical and practical implications by looking at the relationship between ELF certification and sustainable consumption from a stakeholder's perspective. This study intends to expand the research field of ELF from agriculture to forestry products. It provides a basis for providing practical implications for policymakers who propose sustainable consumption.

In the big data era, real-time log data analysis is becoming the important demands for Internet enterprises, behind these data hiding big value. Map Word, the National Platform for Common GeoSpatial Information Services in China, is a one-stop website providing geospatial information services to personal users, enterprises, professional agencies and governments. After 7 years' development of the platform, the traffic increased significantly, reaching 200 million service requests per day. But due to the lack of effective analysis and processing technology, the log data did not play its value, which lead to disconnection between the top-level design of national common geospatial information services and the actual demands of the users in a way. Now, the geospatial information service in China is trying to shift from the data production driven to the demand driven actively, and how to understand the demands of users became one imperious issue for research. In addition, the access behaviour of group users to common geospatial information services has a social nature and there is a certain group access behaviour pattern. This mode has high intensity of access aggregation and spontaneity, and determines the demand of common geospatial information services for cloud computing resources. Parts of the above demands can be analysed from the log data. Therefore, how to develop a log analysis system for unified real-time collection, real-time analysis, centralized storage, and graphical display is the key to support the demands. Flume, Kafka, Storm, Redis and HBase have been integrated to design and implement a distributed real-time log analysis system supporting online and offline log analysis. The system is composed of log collection module, asynchronous communication module, real time analysis and calculation module, data cashing and storage module, and visualization module. The system was release and integrated with Map World in June 2017 successfully, and the implementation of the system indicates that it can efficiently solve the problems of real-time log data collection, real-time analysis, real-time storage, real-time query, massive data storage, offline analysis, etc. It played an important role in map data update, policy making, product decisions, online server load prediction, resource allocation optimization, Internet security improvement and operation funs evaluation.

In the big data era, real-time log data analysis is becoming the important demands for Internet enterprises, behind these data hiding big value. Map Word, the National Platform for Common GeoSpatial Information Services in China, is a one-stop website providing geospatial information services to personal users, enterprises, professional agencies and governments. After 7 years' development of the platform, the traffic increased significantly, reaching 200 million service requests per day. But due to the lack of effective analysis and processing technology, the log data did not play its value, which lead to disconnection between the top-level design of national common geospatial information services and the actual demands of the users in a way. Now, the geospatial information service in China is trying to shift from the data production driven to the demand driven actively, and how to understand the demands of users became one imperious issue for research. In addition, the access behaviour of group users to common geospatial information services has a social nature and there is a certain group access behaviour pattern. This mode has high intensity of access aggregation and spontaneity, and determines the demand of common geospatial information services for cloud computing resources. Parts of the above demands can be analysed from the log data. Therefore, how to develop a log analysis system for unified real-time collection, real-time analysis, centralized storage, and graphical display is the key to support the demands. Flume, Kafka, Storm, Redis and HBase have been integrated to design and implement a distributed real-time log analysis system supporting online and offline log analysis. The system is composed of log collection module, asynchronous communication module, real time analysis and calculation module, data cashing and storage module, and visualization module. The system was release and integrated with Map World in June 2017 successfully, and the implementation of the system indicates that it can efficiently solve the problems of real-time log data collection, real-time analysis, real-time storage, real-time query, massive data storage, offline analysis, etc. It played an important role in map data update, policy making, product decisions, online server load prediction, resource allocation optimization, Internet security improvement and operation funs evaluation.

Elderly suicide is a major public health issue in South Korea. The aim of this study was to systematically examine the current knowledge about suicidal ideation among Korean older adults with specific focus on risk and preventive factors. In order to achieve this aim, a meta-analysis was conducted using Korean academic peer-reviewed journals published since 2001. A total of 97 articles were selected that met the research criteria (e.g., original study findings and key words of suicidal ideation, suicidal thought, and suicide). Three domains were identified and used for further analysis: individual, family, and society. Results showed that among individual factors, depression and burden or stress increased the risk of suicidal ideation, while better mental health reduced the risk of suicidal ideation. Among family factors, living alone was a risk factor for suicidal ideation, while family cohesion was a preventive factor for suicidal ideation. Among social factors, elderly discrimination, social isolation, and negative relationships were significant risk factors, while social support, social environment, and social activities were significant preventive factors affecting suicidal ideation. The results suggest several practical implications for developing suicide prevention programs and counseling approaches to address suicidal ideation. For example, depression and stress can be reduced by MBSR (Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction) program where meditation is used as a coping strategy. In addition, counseling programs specifically focused on improving family and social relations should be implemented. Government should continuously support for these programs to prevent suicide among older Koreans.