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In den letzten Jahren wurde in der deutschen Strafgesetzgebung die Tendenz der Strafbarkeitsausdehung in das Vorfeld einer realen Rechtsgutsverletzung immer stärker. Wie aber sind diese Vorfelddelikte zu zu legitimieren? Dieser Frage widmet sich die vorliegende Arbeit

The article first analyzes the significance of the curriculum reform of music education in universities under the guidance of core literacy, analyzes the demands of curriculum reform, and then expounds the problems existing in the current music education curriculum in universities, and puts forward reform measures, aiming at perfecting the music education curriculum in universities and promoting the good growth of students.

Max Weber and Franz Kafka are seminal writers on bureaucracy and administration. While Weber suggests the technical superiority of a bureaucratic "iron cage," Kafka speaks from within that cage, seeing its repressive rationality as being confounded by recalcitrant citizens searching for freedom. However, if individuals are embedded in a bureaucracy that limits the parameters of actions from which they can choose, how could they ever defy structural control? Articulating the conditions for human liberty, this article uses critical realism to reveal the potential emancipatory nature of bureaucracy as a way out of Kafka's powerlessness and Weber's iron cage via citizen engagement.

The book isn't meant to have a center. The book is not meant to be read in order. A book is made up of different dates and different speeds. The chapters of the book delve nonlinearly into a range of philosophic, scientific, and political subjects connected by threads of ideas that go off in different directions at different speeds and different intensities. Accompanying my research, memories, and project documentation, I record personal anecdotes that reflect my passion and my obsessions, as well as lay the foundation for the included work. The book is a map book, a roots book, an octopus tentacles book.

This study aims to understand the prevalence and characteristics of individuals aged 16 to 35 who are not in education, employment, or training (NEET) and the risk factors associated with being in NEET in China. The analysis uses the 2012 China Labor-Force Dynamics Survey to show that the NEET rate was 8 percent during the study period. Multilevel logistic regression indicates that women were more likely to be in NEET. Married women and female migrants had significantly higher risks of being in NEET, with migration having opposite effects for men and women. Education had protective effects against being in NEET, especially for women. Age had a nonlinear effect, with individuals aged 22 to 25 at the highest risk of being in NEET. I discuss implications for public policy and directions for future studies on NEET in China.

AbstractComplexity theory (CT) intends to reveal public management's unpredictable side but its empirical applications are scarce due to prevailing constructivist approaches that collapse larger systematic outcomes into micro agent actions and conflate them into movements of co‐constitution and co‐evolution, precluding effective analysis. How can we capture emergent properties and outcomes if we cannot delineate objects and subjects? How can we attribute causes and effects without fixed, stable entities? To address this significant weakness of theorization for a more effective CT framework, Margaret Archer's critical realist model solves this constructivist conflation dilemma—agents and systems, though interrelated, are distinct and stable entities—public management and governance process is thus the result of emergence from a learning‐to‐control process for rule‐makers, with structurally unpredictable inputs from the ruled whereby systematic features predate and condition (Time 1) individual actions, which can maintain or reproduce them (Time 3) during agent–system interactive processes (Time 2).

This paper considers the alignment and annotation of Chinese-Russian parallel texts at the level of clauses. For the purpose of the article, the author creates a Chinese-Russian Parallel Discourse Corpus. As its pilot material, the author chooses an official Chinese document, namely, the 2017 Report on the work of the government of the PRC and its Russian translation. The article consists of three parts, in which the author 1) provides a description of the principles of alignment; 2) determines the annotation principles of the units selected and creates a parallel corpus with alignment at the level of clauses; 3) draws a statistic of the types of Russian syntactic analogues of Chinese clauses (RSACCs), and interprets the information received. The first part considers the way in which texts are divided into clauses in the parallel corpus; the author starts with the segmentation of clauses in the Chinese text, and then singles out elements in the Russian translation that are considered RSACCs. In the second part, the author describes the principles of analysis and classification of the Russian syntactic analogues. Overall, there are 9 types of RSACCs: simple sentences, complex sentences, groups of sentences, fragments of simple sentences, fragments of sentences with homogeneous predicates, fragments of complex sentences, parts of asyndetic complex sentences, and parts of complex and compound sentences. In the third part, the author concludes that in the majority of cases, Chinese clauses correspond to single-predicate constructions in the Russian translation; in other cases, Chinese clauses can be translated by means of non-predicative phrases, semi-predicative phrases, and poly-predicative complex sentences and groups of sentences. ; Статья посвящена способам корпусного выравнивания и аннотирования параллельных текстов на уровне клаузы. Работа строится на основе создания китайско-русского дискурсивного параллельного корпуса. В качестве пилотного материала был выбран китайский официальный документ «Доклад о работе правительства КНР 2017» и его перевод на русский язык. Данная работа состоит из трех общих частей: 1) характеристика принципов выравнивания двух текстов; 2) установление принципов аннотирования выделяемых единиц и создание параллельного корпуса, в котором выравнивание осуществляется на уровне клаузы; 3) статистика по разным типам русских синтаксических аналогов китайских клауз и интерпретация полученной информации. В первой части рассматривается, как в параллельном корпусе производится деление текстов на клаузы: сначала сегментация осуществляется в китайском тексте, затем в переводном русском тексте выделяются соответствующие элементы, называемые русскими синтаксическими аналогами (РСА) китайских клауз. Во второй части представлены принципы анализа и классификации РСА. В изученном материале разметки представлены 9 типов РСА китайских клауз: простые предложения, сложные предложения, группы предложений, фрагменты простых предложений, предложений с однородными сказуемыми, сложных предложений, части бессоюзных сложных предложений, сложносочиненных предложений и сложноподчиненных предложений. В третьей части сделаны выводы о том, что в большинстве случаев китайской клаузе может соответствовать монопредикативная конструкция в русском переводе. В других ситуациях китайские клаузы переводятся непредикативными словосочетаниями, полупредикативными причастными и деепричастными оборотами, полипредикативными сложными предложениями и группами предложений.