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The main aim of the article is to characterise and analyse EU military operations, taking into account their objectives, assumptions, successes as well as their limitations and weaknesses. The author focusses his research on EU activities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The following research questions were posed: what is the specificity and characteristic features of EU military crisis management operations; to what extent and in what direction are military operations launched by the EU evolving; in what way do EU military operations influence the perception of the EU as a civilian and normative power and affect the development of the EU as a security actor; what are the main limitations and weaknesses of EU military operations; what is their future in EU foreign policy? The author applied the following research methods: factorial, comparative, scenario, quantitative, and qualitative analysis. The main conclusion is that the EU's military operations and its military training missions should solely be perceived as one of the elements (measures) in EU foreign policy. As has been indicated in the title of the article, they are "a tool in the EU's foreign policy toolbox".

The aim of this article is to highlight the essence, the meaning and the role of EU civilian missions and
military operations conducted under the umbrella of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The first
two parts constitute an introduction which presents the institutional framework, scope and mandate of EU
missions/operations as well as their nature. The subsequent parts constitute an attempt to answer the question of
what distinguishes EU missions/operations and what their specificity is. In this context, the CSDP crisis
management model is presented along with the significance of operations in building the EU's international
identity and in strengthening the political dimension of European integration, especially in relation to security
and defence policy. The main weaknesses and shortcomings of CSDP missions/operations have also been
characterized. Thusly, eleven such weaknesses have been identified which, to a large extent, determine the shape,
scope and nature of CSDP missions and operations carried out by the European Union

The main aim of the article is to characterise and analyse EU military operations, taking into account their objectives, assumptions, successes as well as their limitations and weaknesses. The author focusses his research on EU activities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The following research questions were posed: – what is the specifi city and characteristic features of EU military crisis management operations; – to what extent and in what direction are military operations launched by the EU evolving; – in what way do EU military operations infl uence the perception of the EU as a civilian and normative power and affect the development of the EU as a security actor; – what are the main limitations and weaknesses of EU military operations and what is their future in EU foreign policy? The author applied the following research methods: factorial, comparative, scenario, quantitative, and qualitative analysis. The main conclusion is that the EU's military operations and its military training missions should solely be perceived as one of the elements (measures) in EU foreign policy. As has been indicated in the title of the article, they are "a tool in the EU's foreign policy toolbox".

In the contemporary geopolitical environment, this article outlines the issues and challenges faced by Africa and explores India–EU cooperation in addressing them. An attempt has been made to analyse this cooperation within the context of dynamic changes taking place in Africa. On the one hand, the essence of the phenomenon of Africa as a potential market is presented; on the other hand, it is depicted as a continent of challenges and threats. These factors have been assessed and analysed independent of China's growing role in Africa. While describing both EU and India's engagements in Africa, the article outlines specific areas of cooperation including defence and security, development cooperation, trade and investment, infrastructure development, climate challenges, and strengthening institutions of democracy.