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This interdisciplinary textbook serves as a solid introduction to the future of legal education against the background of the widespread use of AI written by colleagues from different disciplines, e.g. law, philosophy/ethics, economy, and computer science, whose common interest concerns AI and its impact on legal and ethical issues.

This interdisciplinary textbook serves as a solid introduction to the future of legal education against the background of the widespread use of AI written by colleagues from different disciplines, e.g. law, philosophy/ethics, economy, and computer science, whose common interest concerns AI and its impact on legal and ethical issues.

The unmatched technological achievements in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, computer science, and related fields over the last few decades can be considered a success story. The technological sophistication has been so groundbreaking in various types of applications that many experts believe that we will see, at some point or another, the emergence of general AI (AGI) and, eventually, superintelligence. This book examines the impact of AI on human rights by focusing on potential risks and human rights legislation and proposes creating a Universal Convention for the Rights of AI Systems (AI Convention)

1 General Introduction -- 1.1 General Line of Argumentation -- 1.2 The Caveat -- 1.3 Extreme Scepticism and Robot Rights -- 1.3.1 A Plea for Human Exceptionalism -- 1.3.2 The Mindless Morality View -- 1.3.3 Open-mindedness -- References -- 2 What Is Artificial Intelligence? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Defining Artificial Intelligence -- 2.3 Artificial Intelligence and Ethics -- 2.3.1 Three Developmental Periods -- 2.3.2 The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence -- 2.4 Weak and Strong Artificial Intelligence -- 2.5 Superintelligence -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- 3 What Are Human Rights? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 What Are Human Rights? -- 3.2.1 The Concept of Human Rights -- 3.2.2 The Main Features of Human Rights -- 3.2.3 Different Types of Human Rights—A Classification -- 3.3 Moral and Legal Human Rights -- 3.4 Human Rights and Personhood -- 3.4.1 The Human DNA Argument -- 3.4.2 The Human Dignity Argument -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- 4 The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights—An Overview -- 4.3 Universal Declaration of Human Rights—Abridged Version -- 4.4 Zones of Conflict I—Machines Violate Human Rights -- 4.4.1 Table -- 4.4.2 Comments -- 4.4.3 Table -- 4.4.4 Comments -- 4.4.5 Table -- 4.4.6 Comments -- 4.5 Zones of Conflict II—Humans Violate "Machine Rights" -- 4.5.1 Table -- 4.5.2 Comments -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Moving Towards a "Universal Convention for the Rights of AI Systems" -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Significance of Moral Status -- 5.3 Machine Rights as Fundamental Rights -- 5.4 The Idea of an AI Convention -- 5.5 The Problem of Design -- 5.6 Conclusions -- References -- 6 Objections -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Dark Side of Superintelligence -- 6.3 Human Rights Are for Humans and Not Machines -- 6.4 The Argument from Artificial Servitude -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- 7 General Conclusions.

"Smart Technologies and Fundamental Rights covers a broad range of vital topics that highlight the ethical, socio-political, and legal challenges as well as technical issues of AI with respect to fundamental rights. Either humanity will greatly profit from the use of AI in almost all domains in human life that may eventually lead to a much better and more humane society. Or, it could be the case that people may misuse AI for idiosyncratic purposes as well as intelligent machines may turn against human beings. Therefore, we should be extremely cautious with respect to the technological development of AI because we might not be able to control the machines once they reached a certain level of sophistication"--

Universal human rights and particular cultural identities, which are relativistic by nature, seem to stand in conflict with each other. It is commonly suggested that the relativistic natures of cultural identities undermine universal human rights and that human rights might compromise particular cultural identities in a globalised world. This article examines this supposed clash and suggests that it is possible to frame a human rights approach in such a way that it becomes the starting point and constraining framework for all non-deficient cultural identities. In other words, it is possible to depict human rights in a culturally sensitive way so that universal human rights can meet the demands of a moderate version of meta-ethical relativism which acknowledges a small universal core of objectively true or false moral statements and avers that, beyond that small core, all other moral statements are neither objectively true nor false.

"Der vorliegende Aufsatz untersucht zum einen die wichtigsten Argumente in der Diskussion zwischen den Egalitariern und den Inegalitariern mit Blick auf die Fragestellung, wie das Verhältnis von Gerechtigkeit und Gleichheit genau aussieht. Zum anderen werden auf der Grundlage der Untersuchung erste Überlegungen für einen eigenen Ansatz - wie man das Verhältnis von Gerechtigkeit und Gleichheit verstehen sollte - angestellt." (Autorenreferat)