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Hand-Arm-Vibrationseinwirkungen durch Einzelstöße sind ein Phänomen, das aus der Berufswelt bekannt und im Bereich der Hand-Arm-Vibrationen angesiedelt ist. Beispielsweise sind Arbeiten mit schlagenden Geräten wie Bolzensetzern und Druckluftnaglern mit stoßartigen Belastungen des Hand-Arm-Systems verbunden. Auch im Freizeitbereich lassen sich stoßartige Belastungen des Hand-Arm-Systems beobachten. Typische Freizeitaktivitäten, in denen stoßartige Belastungen auf das Hand-Arm-System erfolgen, sind z. B. Tennis, Golf oder Squash. Am Beispiel der Freizeitaktivität Golf untersuchte das Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (IFA) die Hand-Arm-Vibrationseinwirkungen durch Einzelstöße im Freizeitbereich.
 
Single-impact hand-arm vibration is a phenomenon well known in the world of work and in the area of hand-arm vibration. For example, work with beating devices such as bolt makers and pneumatic nailers are associated with shock loads on the hand-arm system. Even in the leisure sector can be observed shock loads of the hand-arm system. Typical recreational activities in which shock loads on the hand-arm system take place, for. As tennis, golf or squash. Using the example of leisure activity Golf, the Institute for Occupational Safety of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA) examined the hand-arm vibration effects caused by individual impacts in the leisure sector.

"Monsanto Research Corporation a subsidiary of Monsanto Company"--Cover. ; "Mound Laboratory, Miamisburg, Ohio, operated for United States Atomic Energy Commission, U.S. Government Contract Number AT 33-1-GEN-53." ; "Date: December 11, 1964 ; Issued: March 10, 1965." ; "MLM-1214 ; TID-4500 (35th Ed.) ; UC-22 Isotope Separation." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 11). ; U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract ; Mode of access: Internet.

R. Chapman et al. ; 8 págs.; 6 figs.; 1 tab. ; The neutron-rich S39 nucleus has been studied using binary grazing reactions produced by the interaction of a 215-MeV beam of S36 ions with a thin Pb208 target. The magnetic spectrometer, PRISMA, and the γ-ray array, CLARA, were used in the measurements. Gamma-ray transitions of the following energies were observed: 339, 398, 466, 705, 1517, 1656, and 1724 keV. Five of the observed transitions have been tentatively assigned to the decay of excited states with spins up to (11/2-). The results of a state-of-the-art shell-model calculation of the level scheme of S39 using the SDPF-U effective interaction are also presented. The systematic behavior of the excitation energy of the first 11/2- states in the odd-A isotopes of sulfur and argon is discussed in relation to the excitation energy of the first excited 2+ states of the adjacent even-A isotopes. The states of S39 that have the components in their wave functions corresponding to three neutrons in the 1f7/2 orbital outside the N=20 core have also been discussed within the context of the 0 ω shell-model calculations presented here. ©2016 American Physical Society ; This work was supported in part by the EPSRC (UK) and by the European Union under Contract No. RII3-CT- 2004-506065. Five of us (D.O., M.B., A.H., K.K., and A.P.) acknowledge financial support from the EPSRC. Z.M.W. acknowledges support from ORSAS and from the University of the West of Scotland. A.N.D. acknowledges support from the STFC. A.J. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Contracts No. FPA2007-66069 and No. FPA2009-13377-C02-02. Zs.D. acknowledges financial support from OTKA under Project No. K100835. S.S. acknowledges support from the Croatian Science Foundation under Project No. 7194. The contribution of the accelerator and target-fabrication staff at the INFN Legnaro National Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. ; Peer Reviewed

Protected area networks facilitate community changes in responses to climate warming. However, the contribution of the site environmental and conservation-oriented characteristics to these responses to climate warming are not well understood. Here, we investigate how composition of non-breeding waterbird communities within the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network changes in response to increases in temperature. We measured the community reshuffling of 97 waterbird species in 3,018 N2K sites over 25 years in 26 European countries. We find that N2K sites explicitly designated for protection of waterbirds and with a management plan had faster climate-driven community changes. In contrast, the designation period of the N2K sites was not associated with community adjustment, and sites funded under EU-LIFE had lower climate-driven community changes. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that may help waterbird community responses to climate warming is to manage sites that are specifically designated for waterbirds.

Protected area networks facilitate community changes in responses to climate warming. However, the contribution of the site environmental and conservation-oriented characteristics to these responses to climate warming are not well understood. Here, we investigate how composition of non-breeding waterbird communities within the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network changes in response to increases in temperature. We measured the community reshuffling of 97 waterbird species in 3,018 N2K sites over 25 years in 26 European countries. We find that N2K sites explicitly designated for protection of waterbirds and with a management plan had faster climate-driven community changes. In contrast, the designation period of the N2K sites was not associated with community adjustment, and sites funded under EU-LIFE had lower climate-driven community changes. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that may help waterbird community responses to climate warming is to manage sites that are specifically designated for waterbirds.