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The study qualitatively explores the pandemic and Sarajevo War-Siege from the psychological, sociological, and political security perspectives. As a direct indicator of behavioral variability within extreme conditions, the author refers to structural interviews with war-siege participants. The citizens can recognize the 1990s in some manifestations of the pandemic, including crisis staff formation that reflects ethnopolitics (ethnic-political boundaries) rather than instills public confidence. Life in the conditions of radical changes leaves a trace that does not have to be exclusively emotional but cognitive. The state of war-siege meant deconstructing the pre-war way of life and new ways of coping with war conditions. Maintaining routines is a link to pre-war life; continuity of norms and values allows for mental stability maintenance. During the siege, people had an acute perception of space and time. Space was something where the danger came from and the time spent in that space needed to be reduced. We have similar functions during the pandemic, reflecting on people's thoughts. Those who have adequately gone through the trauma that lasted during the siege have adapted well to "extreme" conditions and can develop protective mechanisms. Human thought focuses on the repetitive and familiar in today's world, while some extreme event interprets as the exception; such exceptional events are crucial in creating the future. Regardless of the political system's axis, confidence in the political elites must be sufficient. Prevention of fear and panic in the war's geographical area should be based on quality peacetime preparation through education and psychological commitment. ; The study qualitatively explores the pandemic and Sarajevo War-Siege from the psychological, sociological, and political security perspectives. As a direct indicator of behavioral variability within extreme conditions, the author refers to structural interviews with war-siege participants. The citizens can recognize the 1990s in some manifestations of the pandemic, including crisis staff formation that reflects ethnopolitics (ethnic-political boundaries) rather than instills public confidence. Life in the conditions of radical changes leaves a trace that does not have to be exclusively emotional but cognitive. The state of war-siege meant deconstructing the pre-war way of life and new ways of coping with war conditions. Maintaining routines is a link to pre-war life; continuity of norms and values allows for mental stability maintenance. During the siege, people had an acute perception of space and time. Space was something where the danger came from and the time spent in that space needed to be reduced. We have similar functions during the pandemic, reflecting on people's thoughts. Those who have adequately gone through the trauma that lasted during the siege have adapted well to "extreme" conditions and can develop protective mechanisms. Human thought focuses on the repetitive and familiar in today's world, while some extreme event interprets as the exception; such exceptional events are crucial in creating the future. Regardless of the political system's axis, confidence in the political elites must be sufficient. Prevention of fear and panic in the war's geographical area should be based on quality peacetime preparation through education and psychological commitment.

The paper focuses on the political position populism occupies in representative democracies as an inclusionary pylon for fascism, with the analog review of the Balkans and its global security lessons. Populism implies a constant conflict between elite, establishment, alienated structures linked to interests contrary to the public or members of other ethnoreligious backgrounds. Both left and right populism aim at a particular political and social homogeneity. The phenomenon of increased countries with developed democratic institutions and standards with authoritarianism leads to a closed circle of global "legitimate-democratic" violence, in which democratic institutions and standards, human and minority rights, and freedoms will be a danger. The Balkan's lessons in dealing with similar individuals and movements that promote the "cleansing" of Europe and preserving an "identity" artificially tailored to others' hatred are proactivity. The Balkans' (un)-successful fight against the historical forms of right-wing extremism in more current circumstances have become like an overflowing foundation of global right-wing networks. Humankind's great concern stems from the increasingly aggressive foreign policy, xenophobic sentiment, and the growing inclination of the autocratic populist government to stop the transition of violence to democracy in the scientifically-technologically and culturally-spiritually objectively connected global community. Solutions based on opportunism and manipulation do not offer anything concrete that could improve the socio-political-security-economic situation. When a liberal sees that certain elements use coercion to regulate social relations according to their desire, to force the whole of society on acceptable socio-economic behavior, the liberal should feel a personal responsibility to stand up for freedom.

The study aims to critically analyze the EU's political identity and how the migrant crisis embodies the most challenging political issue facing the E.U., implicating growing xenophobia and questioning European multiculturalism. Moreover, the author provides insight into the migrant crisis's socio-political and security challenges, followed by ethnographic research of the migrant's religious identity within the Balkan route. Migrations are a central issue for Europe's future, security, and identity. The EU's cultural integrity remains unclear, and the migrant crisis opens up a multiculturalism discourse. The nation-state model has undergone significant globalized world changes, becoming less sustainable and less critical for cultural, political, and economic processes. Due to the growing economic insecurity and the fear of losing national identities in an environment of globalized culture, some have perceived multiculturalism as a threat. The humanitarian and security discourse reflects the micro-level of the situation on the ground and the mass media's macro levels and political action. Acceptance of ethnoreligious or political diversity does not relieve immigrants of the duty to recognize all the rules necessary to conduct productive coexistence. Migrants' participation in socio-economic and political systems means realizing the preconditions for the beginning of cultural integration. The crisis triggered an avalanche of anti-Islam sentiments that became a reference matrix for radical populism. The sense of identification with the housing society-Bosniaks, where Islamic regulations on the matrix are legitimized by recognizing a universal theological pattern, is a symbolic moment and a participative approach to understanding both religion and integration. Constructing immigrants as a group, whether they are migrants, refugees, or asylum seekers, tends to encourage the perception that "their "interests, values, and traditions are competing with "ours, "stimulating negative emotions in the form of prejudice. ; El estudio analiza críticamente la identidad política de la U.E. y cómo la crisis migratoria encarna el problema político más desafiante que enfrenta la U.E., implicando una creciente xenofobia y cuestionando el multiculturalismo Europeo. Además, el autor ofrece información sobre los desafíos sociopolíticos y de seguridad de la crisis migratoria, seguido de una investigación etnográfica de la identidad religiosa del migrante dentro de la ruta de los Balcanes. Las migraciones son un tema central para el futuro, la seguridad y la identidad de Europa. La integridad cultural de la UE sigue sin estar clara y la crisis de los inmigrantes abre un discurso de multiculturalismo. El modelo de Estado-nación ha experimentado importantes cambios mundiales globalizados, volviéndose menos sostenible y menos crítico para los procesos culturales, políticos y económicos. Debido a la creciente inseguridad económica y al miedo a perder las identidades nacionales en un entorno de cultura globalizada, algunos han percibido el multiculturalismo como siendo una amenaza. El discurso humanitario y de seguridad refleja el nivel micro de la situación sobre el terreno y los niveles macro y la acción política de los medios de comunicación. La aceptación de la diversidad étnico-religiosa o política no exime a los inmigrantes del deber de reconocer todas las reglas necesarias para llevar a cabo una convivencia productiva. La participación de los migrantes en los sistemas socio-económicos y políticos significa conocer las condiciones previas para el comienzo de la integración cultural. La crisis desencadenó una avalancha de sentimientos antiislámicos que se convirtió en una matriz de referencia para el populismo radical. El sentido de identificación con la sociedad de la vivienda-Bosnias, donde las regulaciones islámicas en la matriz se legitiman al reconocer un patrón teológico universal, es un momento simbólico y un enfoque participativo para entender tanto la religión como la integración. Construir a los inmigrantes como un grupo, ya sean migrantes, refugiados o solicitantes de asilo, tiende a fomentar la percepción de que "sus" intereses, valores y tradiciones compiten con "los nuestros", estimulando emociones negativas en forma de prejuicio. ; O estudo analisa criticamente a identidade política da U.E. e, como a crise dos migrantes incorpora a questão política mais desafiadora que a U.E. enfrenta, implicando uma xenofobia crescente e questionando o multiculturalismo Europeu. Além disso, o autor fornece uma visão sobre os desafios sociopolíticos e de segurança da crise dos migrantes, seguido por uma pesquisa etnográfica da identidade religiosa do migrante dentro da rota dos Balcãs. As migrações são uma questão central para o futuro, a segurança e a identidade da Europa. A integridade cultural da U.E. permanece obscura e a crise dos migrantes abre um discurso multicultural. O modelo de Estado-nação passou por significativas mudanças mundiais globalizadas, tornando-se menos sustentável e menos crítico para os processos culturais, políticos e econômicos. Devido à crescente insegurança econômica e, ao medo de perder identidades nacionais em um ambiente de cultura globalizada, alguns perceberam o multiculturalismo como sendo uma ameaça. O discurso humanitário e de segurança reflete o nível micro da situação no terreno e os macro níveis e, ação política dos meios de comunicação. A aceitação da diversidade etno-religiosa ou política não exime os imigrantes do dever de reconhecer todas as regras necessárias para conduzir uma convivência produtiva. A participação dos migrantes nos sistemas socioeconômicos e políticos significa a realização das pré-condições para o início da integração cultural. A crise desencadeou uma avalanche de sentimentos anti-islâmicos que se tornaram uma matriz de referência para o populismo radical. O sentido de identificação com a sociedade habitacional-Bósnias, nas quais os regulamentos islâmicos na matriz são legitimados pelo reconhecimento de um padrão teológico universal, é um momento simbólico e, uma abordagem participativa para compreender a religião e a integração. A construção dos imigrantes como um grupo, sejam eles migrantes, refugiados ou requerentes de asilo, tende a estimular a percepção de que "seus" interesses, valores e tradições competem com os "nossos", estimulando emoções negativas na forma de preconceito.