The study aimed to assess the impact of health insurance on employees' performance at Zanzibar Electricity Cooperation in Unguja. The specific objectives of the study were: To examine the effects of health insurance on financial protection on employees' performance, and To examine the influence of the Insurance Premium on employees' performance at Zanzibar Electricity Cooperation in Unguja Quantitative methods were used in this study. The closed-ended questionnaires were also used to capture the information. The study used multiple linear regressions to analyze the collected data. The study found out that the two predictor variables (financial protection and insurance premium) had a significant contribution to the outcome variable (employees' performance). The study recommended that ZECO and the government of Zanzibar, in particular, should increase the insurance premium by companies offering health insurance in Unguja. These would raise the financial protection of employees and increase their performance.
Abstract The paper analyzed policy effects of Double Taxation Agreements (DTA) between Tanzania and India. The study employed desk study and mini-field research survey purposely to obtain primary data and qualitative information from the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), High Commission of India and Indian companies. The paper found that Tanzania has no comprehensive national taxation policy which incorporates DTAs. The current treaties do not protect the government revenue losses. The loopholes include the denial of taxing the gains made by investors selling assets. However, the contribution of Tanzania-India DTAs in Foreign Direct Investment, (FDIs) flow in Tanzania has been significant positive. Indian FDIs have positive effects on Tanzanian employment. Moreover, the investments from India have brought massive capital flows and new technologies into the country. Tanzania-India DTA is more potential for sustainable national development. The study recommends the need to review and formulate New National Investment Policy 2019 that effectively integrate into sustainable fiscal and sector policies. Tanzania has to review all DTAs with aim of minimizing government revenue losses and to renegotiate all existing DTAs adopting UN Model Tanzania. It has to rationalize favoured bilateral treaties to signal their commitments to stable, correct, and often favourable treatment of foreign investors. Tanzania has to implement the Goal #17 of Sustainable Development Goal as that of "Partnering for Development" as a strategy to strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.
Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2021 ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 125-138) ; Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English ; Climate change is a reality, and its impact is being experienced all over the globe. The effects range from heat waves, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, flooding, drought, and reduction of bio-diversity among others. Urban areas are at greater risk since they accommodate the majority of the global human population exceeding 55% and are expected to be 68% by 2050. The most affected urban areas are the tropical coastal cities since most of them fall within low and middle-income countries with low levels of economic development and technological capabilities hence a low capacity to adapt. This study focuses on exploring Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) as an affordable and ecologically sustainable approach to enhance climate change adaptability in tropical coastal cities. A case study of Mombasa is considered, a typical tropical coastal city located in Kenya. Primary data sources including pictures and key informant interviews via snowball sampling were employed to gather ground information. Secondary sources consisted of institutional data review, strategic documents, policies, and scientific journals on NBS and Climate Change adaptation in tropical environments. The study findings depicted the climate change associated challenges in Mombasa include urban flooding, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, increasing temperatures. Rapid urbanization related challenges include inadequate infrastructure and services, poor liquid and solid waste management and inadequate housing. The study proposes NBS measures such as coastal vegetation restoration, implementing green infrastructure in the urban area, and creeks restoration could offer multi-dimensional benefits that can be replicated in other tropical coastal cities to enhance sustainability and climate resilience. ; İklim değişikliği bir gerçektir ve etkisi tüm dünyada yaşanmaktadır. Bu etkilerin arasında ısı dalgaları, deniz seviyelerinin yükselmesi, kıyı erozyonu, sel, kuraklık ve diğerleri arasında biyo-çeşitlilik kaybı bulunmaktadır. Güncel durumda kentsel alanlar küresel nüfusun 'inden fazlasını barındırdığı ve 2050 yılına kadar 'e kadar artacağı beklendiği için daha büyük risk altındadır. En çok etkilenen kentsel alanlar tropik kıyı şehirleridir, çünkü çoğu düşük ekonomik kalkınma ve teknolojik yeteneklere sahip düşük ve orta gelirli ülkeler kategorisindedir ve bu da onların uyum sağlama kapasitesinin düşük olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, tropikal kıyı kentlerinde iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlamak için uygun fiyatlı ve ekolojik olarak sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım olarak doğaya dayalı çözümleri (NBS) keşfetmeye odaklanmaktadır. Kenya'da bulunan tipik bir tropikal kıyı kenti olan Mombasa vaka çalışması olarak ele alınmıştır. Zemin bilgilerini toplamak için kartopu örneklemesi yoluyla resimler ve önemli muhbir görüşmeleri de dahil olmak üzere birincil veri kaynakları kullanılmıştır. İkincil kaynaklar, kurumsal verilerin gözden geçirilmesi, stratejik belgeler, politikalar ve NBS ve tropikal ortamlarda iklim değişikliğine uyum ile ilgili bilimsel dergilerden oluşuyordu. Çalışma bulguları, Mombasa'daki iklim değişikliği ile ilgili zorlukların kentsel sel, yükselen deniz seviyeleri, kıyı erozyonu, artan sıcaklıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Hızlı kentleşme ile ilgili zorluklar arasında yetersiz altyapı ve hizmetler, zayıf sıvı ve katı atık yönetimi ve yetersiz konut bulunmaktadır. Çalışma, kıyı bitki örtüsünün restorasyonu, kentsel alanda yeşil altyapının uygulanması ve derelerin restorasyonu gibi NBS önlemlerinin sürdürülebilirliği ve iklim direncini arttırmak için diğer tropikal kıyı şehirlerinde çoğaltılabilecek çok boyutlu faydalar sunabileceğini önermektedir.
This article examines the experiences of two national apex institutions in (...) Senegal and Tanzania, which channel funds to retail microfinance institutions (MFIs). These two national apexes are the Dyna-Enterprises Project and the Small Entrepreneurs Loan Facility (SELF) project, which are functioning in Senegal and Tanzania respectively. Both Dyna and SELF initially started as small-scale apex MFIs and had been conceived with the same vision in mind - facilitation of access to financial services for the poor. The initial implementation focused on provision of credit through MFIs as well as capacity building. The targeted groups of clients are similar, i.e. the disadvantaged, and mostly are women groups in urban or peri-urban areas carrying out general petty trade activities. Like many apex institutions in sub-Saharan Africa, both SELF and Dyna have stimulated demand for more financial support to the poor and have shown potential to be transformed into viable commercial MFIs. (...). (Dev South Afr/DÜI)
This paper aims to analyze the position in the system of sharia law in Brunei. This study is important to know the law that implemented in Brunei, which partly derived than English. Before the arrival of the British, Brunei in principle have their own Islamic law written in the Qanun Brunei, Brunei Customary Law and also has its own sharia court. But when the British came, little by little they introduced Islamic law into their own laws. Kadi Court abolished realized in 1906, when the law they kept changing. However, efforts to keep the law of Islam continues. Factors that affect the practice of Islamic law in Brunei is not only the public but also the desire of the King of Brunei. With a strong desire among government and society, Islamic law can be enforced.
"This chapter explains the four principal issues that are explored in this book. The four items on the Putative Contrasts List summarize these issues: (1) Both moral responsibility and moral obligation require freedom but whereas, seemingly, the former does not require freedom to do otherwise, the latter does. (2) Semicompatibilism regarding responsibility (or obligation) is the thesis that even if determinism is incompatible with freedom to do otherwise, it is compatible with responsibility (or obligation). Arguably, while responsibility semicompatibilism is plausible, obligation semicompatibilism is far less tenable. (3) Externalism about responsibility or obligation is the view that how you acquire apt antecedents of action, such as beliefs, desires, and values, may influence whether you are responsible for, or are morally obligated to do, something. It appears that whereas responsibility externalism is true, there is little or no reason to believe that obligation externalism is true. (4) While obligations can change with time's passage, blameworthiness cannot. The general conclusion argued for is that the only item on this list that captures a real difference is item (3). Obligation and responsibility are far more similar to each other than items (1), (2), and (4) suggest. A chapter-by-chapter synopsis concludes the discussion"--
Something is subject to luck if it is beyond our control. In this book, I show that luck detrimentally affects both moral obligation and moral responsibility. I argue that factors influencing the way we are, together with considerations that link motivation and ability to perform intentional actions, frequently preclude our being able to do otherwise. Since obligation requires that we can do otherwise, luck compromises the range of what is morally obligatory for us. This result, together with principles that conjoin responsibility and obligation, is then exploited to derive the further skeptical conclusion that behaviour for which we are morally responsible is limited as well
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Explores a central question of moral philosophy, addressing whether we are morally responsible for certain kinds of actions, intentional omissions and the consequences deriving therefrom. Haji distinguishes between moral responsibility and a more restrictive category, moral appraisability
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