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Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- 1 Target Audience for the Toolkit -- 2 Media Development: A Key Part of Governance Reform -- 3 Grasping the Fundamentals: Building Blocks of an Independent Media Sector -- 4 From Assessment to Program Concept: Political Economy Analysis -- 5 From Concept to Design: Putting the Program Together -- 6 Other Factors to Consider -- 7 Monitoring and Evaluation: Finding What Works -- 8 Practical Considerations for Donors: Getting the Work Done -- 9 Resources -- Appendix A. Sample Assessment Questions -- Appendix B. Sample Indicators for Media Development Programs -- Appendix C. Sample Terms of Reference for Media Development Consultant -- Index -- Boxes -- 4.1. Priorities and Sequencing -- 4.2. Sample Optimal Programs for Media Reform -- 5.1. Building Media Infrastructure: Keep in Mind -- 5.2. Media Literacy: Keep in Mind -- 5.3. Professional Skills: Keep in Mind -- 5.4. Enabling Environment: Keep in Mind -- 5.5. Sustainability: Keep in Mind -- 6.1. Conflict and Postconflict Environments: Keep in Mind -- 6.2. Anticipating Change: Keep in Mind -- 8.1. Getting the Work Done: Keep in Mind -- Figures -- 4.1. Analytical Steps -- 4.2. Sample Stakeholder Map: Media Reform -- Tables -- 5.1. Permissive Environment: Program Components -- 5.2. Semi-Permissive Environments: Program Components -- 5.3. Nonpermissive Environments: Program Components.

Who this handbook is for -- Understanding media development: a key part of governance reform -- Grasping the fundamentals: the building blocks of an independent media sector -- Getting from assessment to program concept: a tool for political economy analysis -- Getting from concept to design: putting the program together -- Other factors to consider -- Monitoring and evaluation: finding what works -- Practical considerations for donors: getting the work done

As the Internet diffuses across the globe, many have come to believe that the technology poses an insurmountable threat to authoritarian rule. Grounded in the Internet's early libertarian culture and predicated on anecdotes pulled from diverse political climates, this conventional wisdom has informed the views of policymakers, business leaders, and media pundits alike. Yet few studies have sought to systematically analyze the exact ways in which Internet use may lay the basis for political change. In O pen Networks, Closed Regimes, the authors take a comprehensive look at how a broad