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Angriffe und Verteidigungsmaßnahmen in Computernetzen werfen eine Reihe juristischer Fragestellungen auf. Die Arbeit befasst sich deshalb im ersten Teil mit den strafrechtlichen – sowie in Exkursen mit den zivilrechtlichen sowie öffentlich-rechtlichen – Aspekten des sogenannten "Hackens", also des Ausspionierens und Angreifens von sowie des Eindringens und Manipulierens in Computernetzen. Dabei wird unter anderem ausführlich auf die Problematik fahrlässig ungesicherter Systeme eingegangen, die etwa Viren oder Trojaner verteilen. Der zweite Teil befasst sich mit der Verteidigung gegen Angriffe. Da hierbei letztlich die gleichen Techniken verwendet werden, ergeben sich Rechtfertigungsprobleme. Die straf- und zivilrechtlichen Notrechte – insbesondere die Notwehr und der Notstand – ermöglichen in einem großen Umfang die aktive Abwehr gegen Angreifer aus dem Netz. Im Falle des Notstands gilt dies auch gegenüber leichtfertig ungesicherten Systemen. In einem Exkurs wird geklärt, welche Möglichkeiten der Staat zur Verteidigung nach Notstandsregeln hat und wie sich gegebenenfalls Beamte strafbar machen beziehungsweise disziplinarrechtlich zu belangen wären

Ethiopia is challenged with a widening domestic wood supply gap and concurrent rapid population growth. Along with these developments, the population's growing purchasing power is driving the demand for wooden furniture. The majority of this demand is satisfied by small-scale enterprises. Adding to the domestic wood supply uncertainty, such enterprises are exposed to various challenges, such as infrastructural limitations, unfavourable market conditions, weak government support, or skill gaps, thereby hindering their development and often situating them in a subsistent and poor survival state. A development opportunity comes to light when considering that small-scale wooden furniture enterprises are linked to a critical natural resource base, exposed to growing markets, and mostly consist of individuals with an entrepreneurial vision. If guided effectively, this sector has the potential to drive an economic environment of innovative entrepreneurship, create skilful employment, and disseminate propulsive market signals towards wood suppliers. Collective action is a frequently discussed upgrading option for countering development barriers in the context of emerging economies and therefore, is explored as a potential upgrading mechanism. This study aims to develop a potential institutional model of collective action among small-scale enterprises in Hawassa, Ethiopia. The study follows the general procedure of a value chain analysis and frames the collective action model as a potential value chain upgrading strategy. As the target actor is poorly studied, an explorative and descriptive research approach is applied. In-depth interviews were conducted with 54 wooden furniture enterprises to gain insight into their value chain position and condition, cost structures, network ties, as well as challenges. Then, individual enterprises were asked to envision a desired collective action upgrading scenario. Several key informant interviews were also conducted with direct (internal) and indirect (external) value chain actors ...

A firm's innovation process requires employees to develop novel ideas and to coordinate with each other to turn the tacit knowledge embodying these ideas into better products and services. Such work outcomes provide signals about employees' abilities to the labor market, and therefore career concerns arise. The effects of career concerns can both be 'good' (enhancing incentives for effort in developing ideas) and 'bad' (preventing voluntary coordination). Our model shows how a firm can take these conflicting forces into account through the design of its explicit incentive system and the way it organizes work processes.