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During late antiquity the Roman empire faced serious threats from the peoples to the east and to the north. This book is concerned with the role played by information and intelligence in the empire's relations with these peoples, how well-informed about them the empire was, and how such information was acquired. It deals with an important facet of late Roman history which has not previously received systematic treatment, and does so in a wide-ranging manner which relates the military/diplomatic history to its broader social/cultural and economic context

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Transliteration -- 1. The Political Determinants of Religion -- Historic Moments -- Nationalism in the Middle East -- Modernization Theory -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Religion as a Dependent Variable -- Conclusion -- 2. The Taming of Islam in Egypt -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Conclusion -- Chronology -- 3. The Transformation of Judaism in Israel -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Conclusion -- Chronology -- 4. The Politics of Religion in "Secularist" Turkey -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Outcomes -- Conclusion -- Chronology -- 5. State Shiism in Iran -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Conclusion -- Chronology -- 6. State Sunnism in Saudi Arabia -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Conclusion -- Chronology -- 7. Reconciling Religion and Politics -- Balance -- Identity -- Ideology -- Institutions -- Political Culture -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Glossary -- Bibliography -- Index

Alvin C. York went out on a routine patrol an ordinary, unknown American doughboy of the First World War. He came back from no-man's-land a hero. In a brief encounter on October 8, 1918, during the Argonne offensive, York had killed 25 German soldiers and, almost singlehandedly, effected the capture of 132 others. Returning to the United States the following spring, he received a tumultuous public welcome and a flood of offers from businessmen eager to capitalize on his acclaimed feat. But York, true to his character, went quietly back to his home in the Tennessee mountains, where he spent