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Over thirty years after most countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) attained political independence, the region still has a high level of commodity dependence and a low level of industrialisation. This article uses secondary data sources to explore the effect of globalisation on industrialisation in SADC. It concludes that globalisation has been instrumental in creating an international division of labour that shaped SADC as a commodity producer and exporter and an importer of manufactured goods. Because globalisation has imposed an industrialisation model on SADC that is not consistent with inclusivity, equity, broad-based participation and social transformation, it has not succeeded in reducing poverty and inequality in the region. Globalisation has perpetuated this structure through a neoliberal international financial and trading architecture whose policies have, until recently, been accepted and implemented by many states in the region. Paradoxically, globalisation offers immense opportunities that SADC can harness to accelerate production of high value-added goods for domestic consumption, intra-African trade, and international markets. Through regional trade agreements (RTAs), bilateral and multilateral arrangements, and partnerships with emerging economies, SADC can facilitate the implementation of the SADC Industrialisation Strategy and Roadmap, as well as national industrial policies and strategies.






Theresa Moyo, Professor, Master of Development (Planning & Management) University of Limpopo. Email: Theresa.Moyo@ul.ac.za

Abstract

Abstract

This book revisits the perennial challenge that scholars, economists, and politicians have been grappling with since the 1960s. Development, in this book, has been defined in a context that projects it as a multidimensional and complex process which seeks to enhance the human, social, economic and cultural welfare of the people. This book calls for a rethinking of trade and industry for Africa's development. It uses data drawn from national development plans and strategies, and trade and industry issues have been prioritized at the continental level, in key policy documents. On the whole Africa's industry and trade performance have been poor in spite of national, regional, and continental plans. The contributors to this volume propose some alternative strategies and policies which are necessary for trade and industry to grow and to contribute to the wellbeing of Africa's people. It calls for a developmental trade and industry policy which, fundamentally, must be people-centred. African states should invest time, energy and resources to develop policies which will take into consideration African realities. The different contributors are aware that Africa has experienced strong economic growth in the recent past but this growth has largely been due to a strong demand for Africa's primary commodity exports. It has also been a result of increases in productivity and domestic investment and remittances from Africans living in the Diaspora. It is important to note that despite this unprecedented growth performance, the impact of trade and industry on development has been limited. The book arguesthat a structural transformation of Africa's economies is inevitable if Africa is to achieve the shift from the dominant paradigm of production and export of primary goods. The various contributors to this book agree that there is need to rethink policy and strategy in order to achieve industrial development in Africa. There is no unique solution or answer that can fit all situations as African countries are not the same. While Africa can draw lessons from other regions which have successfully industrialized, this book argues that policies and strategies will have to be adapted to country-specific situations and circumstances.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Tables -- Boxes -- Figures -- Acknowledgement -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Introduction -- PART ONE - Trade and Industrial Policy in Africa: Theoretical Debates and Experiences from Developing Regions -- 1. The Case for a Developmental Trade and Industrial Policy for Africa -- Introduction -- Trade, Industry and Development: Theoretical Perspectives -- Empirical Evidence on Trade and Industry Policy and its Developmental Impact -- The East and South Asian Experience: What are the Lessons? -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 2. The Theoretical Basis, Elements and Impact of Nigeria's Trade and Industrial Policy under the Structural Adjustment Programme -- Introduction -- Pre-Structural Adjustment Programme Trade and Industrial Policy in Brief -- Outline/Elements of the Trade and Industrial Policy Reform under Structural Adjustment Programme -- Summary and Recommendations -- References -- Appendices -- 3. Trade, Industrial Policy and Development in the Era of Globalization in Africa: The Case of Botswana and Tanzania -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework -- Trade, Industrial Policy and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Botswana and Tanzania -- The Case of Tanzania -- Global and Regional Challenges and Opportunities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- 4. Economic Reforms in Zambia and India: Comparative Trade and Industrial Policy during 1991-1992 -- Introduction -- Trade and Industrial Policy Reform could Contribute to Reinvigorating the Economies -- Policy Shift Imperatives in Zambia -- Zambia's Economic Downswing: Some Historical Factors -- Zambia's Debt Regime -- Socio-economic Meltdown -- Enter the IMF and the World Bank -- Acts of Desperation? -- Policy Shift Trajectory in Zambia -- No Results Yet.

Background: Persons with disabilities living in rural areas are marginalised and excluded in most developmental initiatives in South Africa. They face many economic, political and social problems; hence, improving their quality of life is a daunting and challenging task which needs interventions from both the state and non-governmental stakeholders.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the role played by community gardens in rural Limpopo province in uplifting the lives of persons living with disabilities as well as their communities as a whole. Its main objectives were to assess the social and economic benefits they have provided to this group of people.Method: A qualitative research design was used for this study. Twenty-one participants were identified through purposive sampling. They were made up of people with disabilities, officials from Departments of Agriculture and Social Development. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data which was analysed thematically.Results: Key results were that community gardens have contributed to the economic and social well-being of persons with disabilities. They have assisted them with income to supplement their social grants. They also created jobs for their members and contributed to improved livelihoods of their families.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that people with disabilities are capable people who, if given the necessary support, can transform their livelihoods both socially and economically. The study recommends that a disability access audit be conducted to resolve the accessibility challenges of the garden.

BACKGROUND: Persons with disabilities living in rural areas are marginalised and excluded in most developmental initiatives in South Africa. They face many economic, political and social problems; hence, improving their quality of life is a daunting and challenging task which needs interventions from both the state and non-governmental stakeholders. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the role played by community gardens in rural Limpopo province in uplifting the lives of persons living with disabilities as well as their communities as a whole. Its main objectives were to assess the social and economic benefits they have provided to this group of people. METHOD: A qualitative research design was used for this study. Twenty-one participants were identified through purposive sampling. They were made up of people with disabilities, officials from Departments of Agriculture and Social Development. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data which was analysed thematically. RESULTS: Key results were that community gardens have contributed to the economic and social well-being of persons with disabilities. They have assisted them with income to supplement their social grants. They also created jobs for their members and contributed to improved livelihoods of their families. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that people with disabilities are capable people who, if given the necessary support, can transform their livelihoods both socially and economically. The study recommends that a disability access audit be conducted to resolve the accessibility challenges of the garden.

Despite the progress that has been made towards achieving gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), evidence shows that gender disparities remain persistent in most countries. The aim of the article is to identify lessons from the experiences of those countries which have made considerable progress in bridging the gender gap. More specifically, the article seeks to identify strategies that will enable SSA countries to achieve the gender equality goal in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Die Artikel behandeln die Bedeutung von Kapitalmärkten und Börsen für die Volkswirtschaft. Diese werden als wichtig erachtet, um die Wirtschaft mit Kapital für Wachstum und Entwicklung zu versorgen. Durch Gesetzesreformen, wie die Erhöhung der Obergrenzen für Auslandskapital bei Firmen, wurde das südliche Afrika für Investoren attraktiver. Der Fall der Währungen wirkte sich jedoch wieder hemmend aus. Durch Privatisierung versucht man nun, dem Kapitalmangel zu begegnen. (DÜI-Blm)