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"At the UN Climate Negotiations in Copenhagen, 117 heads of state concluded that low-carbon development is necessary in order to combat climate change. However, they could not agree on emission targets. At least one of the reasons why they could not agree is that low-carbon development is challenging because it requires the implementation of a portfolio of policies and programs. This book examines one the policies at the heart of attempts to create a low-carbon future: the European Emission Trading Scheme. It explores problems surrounding the implementation of such schemes, including the role of vested interests, the impact of subtle design details, and opportunities to attract long-term investments. It also shows how international climate cooperation can be designed to support the domestic implementation of policies for low-carbon development. This timely analysis of carbon pricing contains important lessons for all those concerned with the development of post-Copenhagen climate policy"--

At the UN Climate Negotiations in Copenhagen, 117 heads of state concluded that low-carbon development is necessary in order to combat climate change. However, they also understood that transition to a low-carbon economy requires the implementation of a portfolio of policies and programs - a challenging endeavour for any nation. This book addresses the need for information about factors impacting climate policy implementation, using as a case study one effort that is at the heart of attempts to create a low-carbon future: the European Emission Trading Scheme. It explores problems surrounding the implementation of the ETS, including the role of vested interests, the impact of design details and opportunities to attract long-term investments. It also shows how international climate cooperation can be designed to support the domestic implementation of low-carbon policies. This timely analysis of carbon pricing contains important lessons for all those concerned with the development of post-Copenhagen climate policy

Understanding the roles and interactions of international cooperation on domestic climate policies / Karsten Neuhoff -- Using intermediate indicators: lessons for climate policy / James Cust -- Policy targets: lessons for effective implementation of climate actions / Sarah Lester, Karsten Neuhoff -- A history of conditionality: lessons for international cooperation on climate policy / Maike Sippel, Karsten Neuhoff -- Brazilian law-carbon transportation policies: opportunities for international support / Haroldo Machado-FIlho -- Policy and regulatory framework for renewable energy and energy efficiency development in Ghana / William Gboney -- Domestic climate policy for the Indian steel sector / Umashankar Sreenivasamurthy -- Climate co-benefit policies for the Indian power sector: domestic drivers and north-south cooperation / Anoop Singh -- Concentrated solar power in South Africa / Kate Grant -- China's wind industry: policy lessons for domestic government interventions and international support / Xiliang Zhang, Shiyan Chang, Ruoshui Wang, Molin Huo -- Twinning: lessons for a south-north climate policy context / Zsuzsanna Pato.

This volume examines how international cooperation can support implementation of domestic climate policies in developing countries. Six case studies explore the domestic drivers and barriers for policies with climate (co- )benefits in developing countries and show that international support can help to overcome these constraints by providing additional resources for incremental policy costs, technical assistance, and technology cooperation to build local capacity. Cooperation can also contribute to robust institutional frameworks and government policies that facilitate increased private sector.

The EU European Trading Scheme (EU ETS) started operating in 2005 and was established with the EU Climate Package of 2008 as a permanent mechanism for Europe. Now in its second phase, policymakers are evaluating its success to date and considering next steps for its evolution. With the ultimate goal of a low-carbon economy, key questions have been: does the ETS facilitate a shift from carbon-intensive investments to low-carbon investments? What improvements can policymakers apply to accelerate low-carbon investment? To answer these questions, Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and Climate Strategies conducted a multiinstitute analytical project, "Carbon Pricing for Low-Carbon Investment" from February to December 2010. Led by CPI Berlin director Karsten Neuhoff, participating organizations included London School of Economics, DIW Berlin, ETH-Zürich, ISI-Fraunhofer, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and University of Erlangen-Nürnberg. Studies in the project include the following: Climate Change, Investment and Carbon Markets and Prices – Evidence from Interviewing Managers Ralf Martin (LSE), Mirabelle Muûls (Imperial College) and Ulrich Wagner (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) Relative Importance of Different Climate Policy Elements for Corporate Climate Innovation Activities: Findings for the Power Sector Karoline Rogge (ISI Fraunhofer), Tobias Schmidt (ETH Zürich) and Malte Schneider (ETH Zürich) The Role of CDM Post-2012 Alexander Vasa (CPI) and Karsten Neuhoff (CPI) Emissions Trading Schemes under IFRS - Towards a true and fair view Madlen Haupt (CPI) and Roland Ismer (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) This policy summary describes key findings and implications from the studies included in the project and the workshops hosted in Berlin and Paris. Papers from the studies can be found at www.climatepolicyinitiative.org and www.climatestrategies.org.

Das Ziel der Bundesregierung ist es laut Koalitionsvertrag, "die Erderwärmung auf maximal zwei Grad Celsius zu begrenzen und Deutschlands Vorreiterrolle beim Klimaschutz beizubehalten". Zum Erreichen dieses Ziels sollen die deutschen Treibhausgasemissionen bis zum Jahr 2020 um 40 Prozent gegenüber 1990 reduziert werden. Der Artikel erörtert die ökonomische Rechtfertigung für solch eine unilaterale Verpflichtung und erkundet, inwieweit das Integrierte Energie- und Klimaprogramm einen effektiven Rahmen für die Implementierung liefern kann. Die Koalitionsvereinbarung kann eine Grundlage bieten für Innovationsanreize und langfristige Investitionsrahmenbedingungen bieten. Dafür müssen allerdings die Ansätze energisch und sachlich umgesetzt werden - sowohl die nationalen Maßnahmen als auch internationale Mechanismen für effektive Klimazusammenarbeit. ; The Federal government has agreed in the coalition agreement 2009 on the objective "to limit global warming at two Degree Celsius and to maintain Germany's leadership role in climate protection." To achieve this objective the German CO2 emissions are to be reduced by 2020 at 40 percent relative to 1990. The article discusses the economic arguments supporting the unilateral commitment, and explores the integrated energy and climate program as framework for the implementation. The coalition agreement provides the basis for positive incentives for innovation combined with longterm investment frameworks. A stringent implementation is required both of the domestic measures and of international mechanisms to facilitate cooperation on climate policy.

Complying with the forthcoming tightening of CO2 emission allocations in the EU may mean big bills for the industries affected. In this special issue of Climate Policy journal leading experts examine the impacts on competitiveness and the commercial incentives available from the CO2 allowance allocations under the methodologies and whether - and if so at what stage - the ETS itself may need to be amended. The study is multidisciplinary combining economic legal and policy analysis with specific studies of impacts on electricity cement and other industrial sectors and the allocation issues. It b

Complying with the forthcoming tightening of CO2 emission allocations in the EU may mean big bills for the industries affected. In this special issue of Climate Policy journal leading experts examine the impacts on competitiveness and the commercial incentives available from the CO2 allowance allocations under the methodologies and whether and if so at what stage the ETS itself may need to be amended. The study is multidisciplinary combining economic legal and policy analysis with specific studies of impacts on electricity cement and other industrial sectors and the allocation issues. It b.

Carbon pricing decisions by governments are prone to time-inconsistency, which causes the private sector to underinvest in emission-reducing technologies. We show that incentives for decarbonization can be improved if complementing carbon pricing with carbon contracts for differences, where the government commits to pay a fixed carbon price level to the investors. We derive conditions under which the government is willing to "tie its hands" with the contracts. ; A previous version of this paper was titled: "Time-consistent carbon pricing".

Der Ausbau von erneuerbaren Energien hat in Deutschland lange nur eine Richtung gekannt: steil nach oben. Jüngst ist er aber ins Stocken geraten, speziell der Windkraftausbau ist längst nicht mehr so dynamisch wie früher und nicht so, wie er sein sollte, damit Deutschland seine Ausbauziele für Erneuerbare und seine Klimaziele erreicht. In diesem Kontext werden Privat-abgesicherte PPAs (Power Purchase Agreements, also Langfristverträge) für Wind- und Solarenergie in der Branche eifrig diskutiert, erste Verträge wurden hierzulande bereits abgeschlossen. Diese Verträge sichern überwiegend für ältere Windkraftanlagen, die nach 20 Jahren nicht mehr im EEG gefördert werden, die Erlöse für zwei bis fünf Jahre ab, damit Reinvestitionen in die Verlängerung der Lebenszeit finanziert werden können. Können PPAs auch öffentliche Vergütungsmechanismen für Neuanlagen ersetzen? Analysen zeigen, dass das keineswegs der Fall ist.