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El autor intenta en este articulo, sobre la base de una recomposicion del desarrollo de Sendero Luminoso desde su fundacion en 1964, obtener datos sobre la orientacion teorica y sobre la practica del mas radical movimiento guerrillero de la historia del Peru. Caracteristicas esenciales de las etapas estudiadas son la decision del PCP-SL por la guerra armada y el enfrentamiento con la direccion del APRA desde 1985. Finalmente se intenta una evalucion global del movimiento guerrillero

The impact of global changes on Latin American culture & subjects & the recent rise of new social movements are considered. Postmodern global changes have led to great inequalities in the distribution of wealth, environmental damage, & a sense of personal helplessness. The locus of social changes has been in the political area, assisted by the market & technology. However, social subjects are not mere products of technology; clinical psychology & the social sciences can aid in understanding the postmodern social subject embedded in a culture. The role of politics & the nature of political culture in Mexico are discussed. 24 References. Adapted from the source document.

Argues that the social sciences in Mexican academia have had to shift their modes of knowledge production according to the country's social & economic upheavals, using as examples the monetary crisis of 1976 & society's response to new forms of government action in the 1990s. The university social science classroom traditionally centers on how something comes to be known. The 1976 devaluation of the peso & the subsequent economic crisis forced social science faculties to adopt a much more critical & dynamic approach to understanding the ongoing political & economic changes. In the 1990s, it is contended that Enrique Suarez-Iniguez's 1998 application of Karl Popper to the Mexican social situation also represented an academic response to national upheaval, one drawing on a rationalist examination of the law & political ethics to better understand the country's rapid political diversification. Adapted from the source document.

Dominguez considers the OLAS (Latin American Solidarity Organization) -- a good example of what the Cuban revolutionary policy toward the region was during the 1960s -- as a starting point to identify four "waves" of change in Latin America at the end of the 1990s, & explores their relative impact on Cuba's domestic affairs. These "waves" are democratization, an increasing economic liberalization, an improvement in relations with the US, & the rapid transformation of the region's cultural life. Dominguez argues that while the economic &, to a lesser extent, the democratic "waves" had a certain impact on Cuba, they did not produce decisive transformations. The economic reform was nothing more than a survival strategy & although Cuba was able to diversify its dependence, it was a negative kind of diversification. In the political realm, the ultimate goal of the Cuban government was to resist democratization pressures, though it had occasionally allowed public debates. On the other hand, relations with the US improved only in security issues -- migration & drug trafficking being areas of cooperation. As to culture, Cuba still had a "seductive spell," although no more as a revolutionary "hub." Dominguez concludes that the Cuban government was ultimately determined to resist any foreign influence on the regime, even at the cost of undermining its economic & political relations with the region's countries. As in the past -- though in a different way -- Cuba still represents an exceptional case among Latin American countries, since it has not been fully involved in the "waves" of change. 4 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Examines the implications of the modern scientific & technological revolution on traditional cultures & their diversity. It is argued that modern technology has led to (1) social structure changes & transformation in the rhythm & tempo of life in many cultures & (2) political changes, primarily through acting on the character of military action. Also, technology has divided countries into technological producers & recipients. These changes have, in turn, led to profound shifts in the philosophical & metaphysical beliefs of cultures. Science & technology, then, have had both positive & negative impacts on cultures. It is concluded that human wisdom is necessary to channel the effects of technology in such a way that they become a liberating force for traditional cultures, rather than a force of domination. Adapted from the source document.

The processes of modernization under way in Mexico since 1982, in particular, the negotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the US & Canada, are producing deep changes in the country's economic, political, social, agricultural, technological, intellectual, & legal structures. These, in turn, are modifying systems of life, organizational, labor, education, production, & competition, prevailing among the population. Such changes provoke an impact not only on the economic & political base of Mexican society, but above all on the cultural & information structure. Under the situation of increasing communication & spiritual inequality provoked by the market, it seems that the Mexican state should create conditions for another cultural equilibrium with the help of a new policy of social communication for development, nonexistent today & urgently needed for the future. Adapted from the source document.

Examines accomplishments of the UN in light of changes which have occurred in the world and society during the last 50 years, considering the balance between its political, economic, and social functions.