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Sommaire. - Pierre-Noe͏̈l Denieuil, Médiations identitaires.. - I. Après l'orientalisme ? Médiations, appropriations, contestations. - Thème sous la direction de François POUILLON. - François POUILLON, Après l'orientalisme ? Médiations, appropriations, contestations. Introduction.. - Jean-Claude VATIN, L'orientalisme retourné ?. - François POUILLON, L'orientalisme, mort ou vif ? Une histoire française.. - M'hamed OUALDI, Mamelouks « orientaux » contre Arabes dans la Tunisie du XIXe : conception et dépassement d'un mythe historiographique.. - Mimoun AZIZA, Un orientalisme « périphérique » : L'orientalisme espagnol face au passé arabo-musulman de l'Espagne.. - Baudouin DUPRET et Léon BUSKENS, Qui a inventé le droit musulman ? Une histoire des études occidentales de la normativité islamique et leur diffusion en Orient.. - Michèle SELLÈS LEFRANC, Transmission de savoirs autochtones en Algérie et littérature à l'épreuve du regard post-colonial.. - Claire B. NICHOLAS, Sur les traces des objets anthropologiques : le façonnement du patrimoine vestimentaire marocain.. - II. Sous l'empire de la nationalité (1830-1960). - Thème sous la direction de Noureddine AMARA. - Noureddine AMARA, Sous l'empire de la nationalité. Introduction.. - Yerri URBAN, La nationalité dans le second Empire colonial français.. - Noureddine AMARA, La nationalité des Touatis, un évènement à la mesure d'empire (1901-1830).. - Fatma BEN SLIMANE, Entre deux empires : l'élaboration de la nationalité tunisienne.. - Gregory MANN, Citizenship after Empire : Recognizing "French" West Africans in Sudan.. - Frederick COOPER, "Une nationalité superposée" : Being French and African in 1959.. - III. Formes territoriales, urbaines et architecturales au Maghreb aux XIXe-XXIe siècles :. - permanences ou ruptures ?. - Thème sous la direction de Charlotte JELIDI. - Vittoria CAPRESI et Charlotte JELIDI, Les formes territoriales, urbaines et architecturales au Maghreb aux XIXe-XXIe siècles : permanences ou ruptures ? Introduction.. - Lei͏̈la AMMAR, Modernité et transformations urbaines à Tunis dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle. L'exemple du quartier al-Jazira-al-Sadiqiyya, 1875-1900.. - Charlotte JELIDI, Des Protectorats aux états nations : « Tradition » et « Modernité » architecturales et urbaines en Tunisie et au Maroc, ou la systématisation d'un vocabulaire à des fins politiques.. - Zohra HAKIMI, Planification gestion urbaine de la ville d'Alger (1930-1984) : reprise et continuité des études ?. - François DUMASY, Acteurs et économie du développement urbain à Tripoli de la fin de la période ottomane à la fin de la colonisation italienne.. - Stefano ZAGNONI, Insediamenti urbani e rurali in nord-cirenaica, 1911-1942.. - Vittoria CAPRESI, Eredità e permanenze del colonialismo italiano in Libia. Continuità negli interventi urbani / architettura / simbolo.. - IV. Études. - Ahmed Salem OULD AL ARBI, Urbanisation planifiée et urbanisation spontanée : l'exemple de Nouadhibou - Mauritanie.. - Besma LOUKIL, La « spirale du déclin », dynamique des comportements incivils dans l'espace public : le cas des parcs et jardins dans la région de Tunis.. - Jean-Pierre CASSARINO, Hiérarchie de priorités et système de réadmission dans les relations bilatérales de la Tunisie avec les États membres de l'Union européenne.. - Isabel SCHÄFER, Mobilité, identité et transition : le potentiel de réforme des migrants voyageant entre l'Europe et l'Afrique du Nord.. - Myriam ERRAIS BORGES, La céramique de Qallaline, trésor du patrimoine culturel tunisien.. - V. Chroniques et opinions. - Pierre BLAVIER, Révolte du bassin minier de Gafsa en 2008 et révolution tunisienne de 2010, un même mouvement révolutionnaire ?. - François POUILLON, Marx, analyste des révolutions arabes ?

Introduction : new directions in Internet politics research / Andrew Chadwick and Philip N. Howard -- The Internet in U.S. election campaigns / Richard Davis. [et al.] -- European political organizations and the Internet : mobilization, participation, and change / Stephen Ward and Rachel Gibson -- Electoral web production practices in cross-national perspective : the relative influence of national development, political culture, and web genre / Kirsten A. Foot. [et al.] -- Parties, election campaigning, and the Internet : toward a comparative institutional approach / Nick Anstead and Andrew Chadwick -- Technological change and the shifting nature of political organizations / Burce Bimber, Cynthia Stohl, and Andrew J. Flanagin -- Making parliamentary democracy visible : speaking to, with, and for the public in the age of interactive technology / Stephen Coleman -- Bureaucratic reform and e-government : the emergence of digital-era governance / Helen Margetts -- Wired to fact : the role of the Internet in identifying deception during the 2004 U.S. presidential campaign / Bruce W. Hardy, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, and Kenneth Winneg -- Political engagement online : do the information rich get richer and the like-minded more similar? / Jennifer Brundidge and Ronald E. Rice -- Information, the Internet and direct democracy / Justin Reedy and Chris Wells -- Toward digital citizenship : addressing inequality in the information age / Karen Mossberger -- Online news creation and consumption : implications for modern democracies / David Tewksbury and Jason Rittenberg -- Web 2.0 and the transformation of news and journalism / James Stanyer -- The Internet and the changing global media environment / Brian McNair -- The virtual sphere 2.0 : the Internet, the public sphere, and beyond / Zizi Papacharissi -- Identity, technology, and narratives : transnational activism and social networks / W. Lance Bennett and Amoshaun Toft -- Theorizing gender and the Internet : past, present, and future / Niels van Doorn and Liesbet van Zoonen -- New immigrants, the Internet, and civic society / Yong-Chan Kim and Sandra J. Ball-Rokeach -- One Europe, digitally divided / Jan A. G. M. van Dijk -- Working around the state : Internet use and political identity in the Arab world / Deborah L. Wheeler -- The geopolitics of Internet control : censorship, sovereignty, and cyberspace / Ronald J. Deibert -- Locational surveillance : embracing the patterns of our lives / David J. Phillips -- Metaphoric reinforcement of the virtual fence : factors shaping the political economy of property in cyberspace / Oscar H. Gandy, Jr. and Kenneth Neil Farrall -- Globalizing the logic of openness : open source software and the global governance of intellectual property / Christopher May -- Exclusionary rule? : the politics of protocols / Greg Elmer -- The new politics of the Internet : multi-stakeholder policy-making and the Internet technocracy / William H. Dutton and Malcolm Peltu -- Enabling effective multi-stakeholder participation in global Internet governance through accessible cyber-infrastructure / Derrick L. Cogburn -- Internet diffusion and the digital divide : the role of policy-making and political institutions / Kenneth S. Rogerson and Daniel Milton -- Conclusion : political omnivores and wired states / Philip N. Howard and Andrew Chadwick

Статья посвящена изучению наследия педагогов прошлого (К. Д. Ушинского, Я. А. Коменского, И. Я. Яковлева) через труды академика РАО Г. Н. Волкова. Через значимость личности и трудов выдающихся ученых в истории педагогики показана актуальность обращения к их педагогическим идеям, которые в свете современных реалий являются востребованными. Обоснована необходимость сохранения этнических особенностей народного воспитания, отраженных во внедрении классиками педагогики в содержание современной им образовательной практики обширного пласта народной культуры и родного языка учащихся, что является значимым и для современной образовательной практики, направленной на сохранение и передачу подрастающему поколению традиционных ценностей. Материалом исследования явились научные труды отечественных ученых, посвященные проблеме использования наследия педагогов прошлого в современном образовательном процессе; работы Г. Н. Волкова, содержащие анализ, обобщения, заключения и взгляды на педагогические достижения классиков мировой педагогической науки. Основной метод исследования - теоретико-методологический анализ. Результатом исследования является обоснование введенных К. Д. Ушинским, Я. А. Коменским, И. Я. Яковлевым принципов народности, природосообразности обучения и воспитания, идеи приобщения к родной культуре для освоения во взаимодействии с ней культур других народов как основополагающих для современной системы образования, значимых и необходимых для формирования гражданственности, патриотизма у подрастающего поколения, сохранения и передачи исторической памяти, традиционных ценностей.
The article is devoted to the study of the pedagogical heritage of teachers of the past (K.D. Ushinsky, Ya.A. Komensky, I.Ya. Yakovlev) through the works of Academician of the Russian Academy of Education G.N. Volkov. Through the significance of the personality and works of outstanding scientists of the history of pedagogy, there has been shown relevance of their pedagogical ideas, which are rather topical in the light of modern realities. The paper substantiates the necessity of preserving ethnic characteristics of folk education, which are reflected in the implementation of classical pedagogues into the content of contemporary educational practice of their vast stratum of traditional culture and native language of students, which is also important for the modern educational practice aimed at the preservation and transmission of traditional values to the younger generation. The research material is the scientific works of Russian scientists devoted to the problem of using the heritage of teachers of the past in the modern educational process; the works of G.N. Volkov containing analysis, generalizations, conclusions and a look at the pedagogical achievements of the classics of the world pedagogical science. The main research method is theoretical and methodological analysis. The result of the study is the justification of the introduced by K.D. Ushinsky, Ya.A. Komensky, I.Ya. Yakovlev, the principles of nationality, the naturalness of education and upbringing, the idea of familiarizing with native culture for the development of cultures of other peoples in interaction with it as fundamental for the modern education system, significant and necessary for the formation of citizenship, patriotism among the younger generation, preservation and transmission of historical memory, traditional values.

No período de 10 a 12 de julho de 2022, em Paris, França, foi realizada a Conferência Internacional "Feminismo, Direito e Cidadania" (Congrès International Féminisme, Droit et Citoyenneté / International Congresso on Feminism, Law and Citizenship), pela Universidade Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne e Universidade de Reading, juntamente com o Gender, Law and Society e Society Working Group of the Research Committee for the Sociology of Law (RCSL). A conferência explorou questões contemporâneas no campo do feminismo, direito e cidadania, abarcando trabalhos relacionados às seguintes perspectivas: democracia e ascensão do populismo; ativismo feminista; gênero e sexualidade; igualdade de gênero; interseccionalidade; direitos reprodutivos e justiça reprodutiva; direito das mulheres, dentre outras. As organizadoras do evento foram a Professora Rosemary Auchmuth e a Professora Alexandrine Guyard-Nedelec. Rosemary Auchmuty é Professora Emérita de Direito na Universidade de Reading (Reino Unido). Pioneira dos estudos das mulheres e dos estudos jurídicos feministas no ensino superior na Grã-Bretanha, Rosemary ensina direito imobiliário e escreve sobre sexualidade, casamento/sociedade civil, história jurídica feminista e abordagens feministas do direito em geral. Ela cofundou o Grupo de História Lésbica, em 1984, e escreveu dois livros sobre histórias escolares de meninas. Recentemente, ela editou Great Debates in Gender and Law (Palgrave, 2018) e coeditou Women's Legal Landmarks (Hart, 2018), ambos sem tradução para o português. As áreas de pesquisa de Rosemary Auchmuty são Sociologia do Direito, educação jurídica, profissões jurídicas, feminismo, direito imobiliário, casamento, história e biografia jurídica. Alexandrine Guyard-Nedelec é Professora Emérita de estudos da área britânica na Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Ela é especialista em discriminação de gênero e questões de interseccionalidade. Ela também se interessa por questões de tradução. Trabalha numa perspectiva interdisciplinar e pretende questionar a esfera jurídica britânica através do prisma do gênero. Coeditou os livros "My Body, My Rights!" Abortion under threat? (Paris, Mare et Martin, 2018) e 21st Century Feminisms: A Third Wave? (Rennes, PUR, 2017), ainda sem tradução para o português. Seus temas de pesquisa são gênero, identidade, discriminação, interseccionalidade, profissões jurídicas e Sociologia do Direito. Uma das entrevistadoras, Carolina Pereira Lins Mesquita, professora da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e editora chefe da Revista Confluências, teve oportunidade de estar presente no evento e apresentar o trabalho "Me Too and the decisions: diary and analysis of the sexual crimes of the spiritual surgeon 'John of God". Foi a partir daí que surgiu a ideia de construir uma entrevista com as duas professoras, expoentes internacionais dos estudos sobre o feminismo, em conjunto com Thaís Henriques Dias, doutoranda em Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais pelo Programa de PósGraduação em Sociologia e Direito da Universidade Federal Fluminense (PPGSD/UFF), e de Clara Possebom Pinto, graduanda em Ciências Sociais na Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), esta última na tradução das entrevistas para o Português.

The article carried out a comprehensive study of the potential, opportunities and prospects for digitalization of the political participation of citizens of the European Union as a tool to overcome the deficit of democracy. It has been established that the semantic markers of the process of digitalization of political participation are associated with the goal of overcoming the deficit of democracy in the EU and can be defined through a set of principles: human-centrism; solidarity and inclusion; freedom of choice; political participation in the democratic process at all levels; safety; constancy. It is proved that overcoming the deficit of democracy with the help of digitalization tools of political participation has clearly shown the risks and dangers of a digital divide that deepens politically significant cleavages: economically developed regions of the EU – economically depressed regions of the EU; access to a secure digital environment – lack of access to a secure digital environment. The active development of the Internet infrastructure in the EU has not significantly affected the simplification of access for older people, citizens with a lower level of education and citizens with disabilities to e-democracy digital platforms, therefore ensuring the widest possible access to e-participation platforms is a promising direction for EU policy. At the same time, EU policy efforts to increase citizen participation in policymaking should not be based solely on Internet strategies, but should increase the credibility and legitimacy of EU institutions in the economically less developed regions of a united Europe. Using the SWOT analysis method of e-participation tools in the EU, it is substantiated that the European Citizens' Initiative, the European Parliamentary Platform and the advisory petition platform "Your Voice in Europe" have a certain "parity" in the ratio of strengths and weaknesses for each of these tools. Weaknesses and threats can be leveled due to the development of their capabilities in the medium term. In particular, the potential of e-participation tools lies in enhancing the flexibility and convenience of the respective digital platforms; development and implementation of strategies for competitive mobilization and involvement of citizens; detailing the processing of proposals after their acceptance; summarizing and analyzing the data contained in the petitions; creation of a multi-level system of petitions, allowing to correlate local, national and European interests; deployment of discursive interaction between citizens and EU institutions at all stages of using e-participation tools; formalization of the connection between the processes of participation and decision-making. It has been established that the prospects for deepening the process of digitalization of political participation as a tool to overcome the deficit of democracy are determined by the formed request for all the variability of forms of political participation in the EU policy space, which is directly related to the deployment of the public space of European politics and the functional approval of the institution of European citizenship.

Feminist Encounters: A Journal of Critical Studies in Culture and Politics 4, no. 2, "East European Feminisms, Part 1: The History of East European Feminisms," eds. Maria Bucur and Krassimira Daskalova, 2020.Maria Bucur, The Nation's Gratitude: World War I and Citizenship Rights in Interwar Romania, London: Routledge, 2022, vi–viii, 231 pp., $160.00 (hardback), $48.95 (ebook), ISBN: 978-0-367-74978-1.Sanja Ćopić and Zorana Antonijević, eds., Feminizam, aktivizam, politike: Proizvodnja znanja na poluperiferiji. Zbornik radova u čast Marine Blagojević Hughson (Feminism, activism, politics: Knowledge production in the semiperiphery. Collection in honor of Marina Blagojević Hughson), Belgrade: Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research (IKSI), 2021, 621 pp., ISBN: 978-86-80756-42-4.Krassimira Daskalova, Zhorzheta Nazarska, and Reneta Roshkeva, eds., Ot siankata na istoriata: Zhenite v bulgarskoto obshtestvo i kultura, volume 2, Izvori za istoriana na zhenite: Dnevnitsi, spomeni, pisma, beletristika (From the shadows of history: Women in Bulgarian society and culture, volume 2, Sources of women's history: diaries, memoirs, letters, fiction), Sofi a: Sofi a University Press, 2021, 621 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-954-07-5180-1.Melissa Feinberg, Communism in Eastern Europe, New York: Routledge, 2022, 229 pp., $44.75 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-8133-4817-9.Fabio Giomi, Making Muslim Women European: Voluntary Associations, Gender, and Islam in Post-Ottoman Bosnia and Yugoslavia (1878–1941), Budapest: CEU Press, 2021, 420 pp., €88.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-963-386-369-5.Yulia Gradskova, The Women's International Democratic Federation, the Global South and the Cold War: Defending the Rights of Women of the "Whole World"? London: Routledge, 2020, 222 pp. £29.59 (e-book), ISBN: 9781003050032.Dagmar Gramshammer-Hohl and Oana Hergenröther, eds., Foreign Countries of Old Age: East and Southeast European Perspectives on Aging, Aging Studies, vol. 19, Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2021, 386 pp., €45 (paperback), ISBN: 978-3-8376-4554-5.Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer, Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front During World War II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021, 528 pp., $34.95 (hardback), ISBN: 9780190618414.Oksana Kis, Survival as Victory: Ukrainian Women in the Gulag, Harvard Series in Ukrainian Studies, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2021, 652 pp., 78 color photos, 10 photos, €84.50 (hardback), ISBN: 9780674258280.Yelena Lembersky and Galina Lembersky, Like a Drop of Ink in a Downpour: Memories of Soviet Russia, Boston: Cherry Orchard Books, 2022, 247 pp., $17.19 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-64469-669-9.Mihaela Miroiu, Povestiri despre Cadmav (Stories about Cadmav), Bucharest: Rocart, 2021, 270 pp., RON 31.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-606-95093-0-2.Mie Nakachi, Replacing the Dead: The Politics of Reproduction in the Postwar Soviet Union, New York: Oxford University Press, 2021, 352 pp., $39.95 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0190635138.Olga Todorova, Domashnoto robstvo i robovladenie v osmanska Rumelia (Domestic slavery and slave ownership in Ottoman Rumelia), Sofia: Gutenberg, 2021, 444 pp., BGN 30 (paperback), ISBN: 978-619-176-195-1.

ResumoA proficiência na compreensão da leitura de textos não requer apenas o adequado desempenho do leitor nas competências fonológica, morfológica, sintática e semântica, mas também demanda competência pragmática – habilidade de, deliberadamente, articular a materialidade linguística da superfície textual ao próprio conhecimento de mundo – revelando que a interação autor-texto-leitor se concretiza no empenho do leitor em enlaçar o contexto de uso e as ideias expressas no texto aos seus objetivos de leitura. Assim, se a pragmática se constitui aspecto relevante para o bom desempenho na compreensão da leitura, questiona-se sobre qual espaço essa vem tendo nos estudos acadêmicos com finalidade de trabalhar tal compreensão. O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um levantamento de estudos que abordam, na perspectiva da pragmática da linguagem, a compreensão leitora. Para isso, foram pesquisados estudos sobre o tema nas plataformas SciELO, PsycINFO e ERIC. Os resultados mostram que há uma carência de artigos que abordam contribuições da pragmática associada à compreensão leitora. Essa lacuna identificada nos estudos reflete a escassez de intervenções pedagógicas focalizando as habilidades (meta)pragmáticas. Assim, entendendo que algumas dificuldades apresentadas pelos estudantes na compreensão de textos estão relacionadas justamente à falta de um trabalho pedagógico focalizando a pragmática, sugere-se que investir no ensino explícito dessa competência pode contribuir para os avanços no desempenho dos estudantes em leitura.
Palavras-chave: Compreensão da Leitura. Compreensão de Textos Escritos. Habilidades Pragmáticas. Desempenho em Leitura.
AbstractProficiency in reading comprehension does not only require readers' appropriate performance in phonological, morphological, syntax, and semantic competencies but also pragmatic competence – the skill of deliberately connect linguistic materiality of the textual surface with knowledge of the world itself – revealing that the author-text-reader interaction materializes in the reader's commitment to link the context of use and the ideas expressed in the text to his/her reading objectives. Hence, if pragmatics is a relevant aspect for good reading comprehension, it is asked herein how it has been addressed in academic studies intended to promote reading comprehension. This objective of this paper is to present the studies addressing reading comprehension from the pragmatic language perspective. Hence, studies addressing the topic were searched in the SciELO, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases. The results show a lack of papers addressing the pragmatics contributions associated with reading comprehension. This gap identified in the study reflects a lack of teaching interventions focusing on (meta)pragmatic skills, suggesting that some of the students' difficulties may be related to this lack of interventions. Teaching this competence can improve the students' reading performance, and competent reading promotes social inclusion and a citizenship. Therefore, schools must train these competencies for individuals to interact with texts, process ideas, make connections with different types of knowledge, and (re)construct meaning(s).
Keywords: Reading Comprehension. Written Comprehension Texts. Pragmatic Skills. Reading Performance

PurposeDespite studies claiming gender inclusion is beneficial for organizations, the under-representation of females in the workforce is a reality. As recruitment practices impact employees' entry into organizations, examining the salient predictors of job pursuit intention might foster gender inclusivity.Design/methodology/approachBased on a mixed-method study conducted in two phases (Phase 1: a sample of 2,084 professionals; Phase 2: interviews of 20 senior human resource (HR) professionals and interviews with 26 women professionals), we examine the key predictors of job pursuit intention of women. We employed a qualitative study as Phase 2 employed a qualitative study to understand why some of the proposed hypotheses were not supported.FindingsWe found that work–life balance, perceived job security and perceived ethical behavior of organizations were more important for female than the male applicants in influencing their job pursuit intention. Also, the type of work and person–organization (P–O) fit were found to be equally important for both the gender groups. The implications of the study to theory and practice were discussed.Research limitations/implicationsOur study extends the existing literature by identifying salient factors (such as work–life balance, perceived job security and ethical citizenship) that are found to be more important for female applicants compared to their male counterparts while pursuing a job. Also, females were found to worry more about losing or not finding a job than males. Our results further indicate that type of work and P–O fit have a significant effect on job pursuit intention for both male and female applicants. The study addresses the need for research on targeted recruitment to increase gender inclusion.Practical implicationsThe contribution of this paper lies in identifying critical factors relevant to the female applicants in India who potentially constitute a large talent pool waiting to be leveraged. It adds to the body of knowledge on enabling inclusivity and affirmative action for increasing gender diversity through recruitment. By highlighting the factors that should be given prominence in job promotions to attract more female candidates and emphasizing the gender-focused HR policies and practices and through internal and external communication, it helps practitioners attract and retain female applicants in an emerging economy like India.Originality/valueOur study contributes in three ways. First, it attempts to plug the gap by investigating gendered preferences in job pursuit intentions between male and female applicants, especially in different cultural environments and in emerging markets such as India. Second, existing studies on job pursuit intentions were based mostly on inputs from student respondents. Our study has collected data from professionals working in organizations who have worked and experienced gender-related HR practices in organizations. Third, our study used a mixed-method approach to get a nuanced understanding of female talent expectations and preferences during the job-seeking behavior.

ABSTRAK Ketidakseimbangan perkhidmatan bas awam di Kota Kinabalu menyebabkan pengguna melihat kepada alternatif lain iaitu pengangkutan tidak formal. Kawasan yang tidak menerima perkhidmatan pengangkutan awam telah mendorong kewujudan perkhidmatan informal iaitu bas tanpa permit yang dikenali sebagai van sapu atau "pirate". Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti ciri-ciri pengoperasian mod pengangkutan bas tanpa permit yang terdapat di Kota Kinabalu dan menjelaskan beberapa faktor pengendalian mod sebagai pengangkutan tidak formal. Sumber primer melalui tinjauan soal selidik dan temubual separa berstruktur melibatkan pemandu perkhidmatan bas tanpa permit diaplikasikan dalam penyelidikan ini. Temubual berstruktur juga dijalankan bersama pihak LPKP Sabah bagi memantapkan penemuan kajian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengoperasian mod bas tanpa permit yang terdapat di Kota Kinabalu juga mempunyai ciri khusus meliputi beberapa aspek iaitu masa bekerja, pekhidmatan, keselamatan, jenis kenderaan yang digunakan, kadar tambang, laluan pengoperasian dan organisasi pengoperasian mod. Penemuan kajian juga mendapati kesukaran dalam memenuhi polisi yang ditetapkan oleh pihak kerajaan untuk berkhidmat sebagai pengangkutan awam khususnya berkaitan permohonan kelulusan permit, telah mendorong keputusan para pemandu untuk menjalankan operasi bas tanpa memiliki permit. Faktor lain iaitu faktor sosioekonomi, faktor kewarganegaraan dan faktor keselesaan juga mempengaruhi pengendalian mod sebagai pengangkutan tidak formal. Dapatan kajian ini membantu pihak berkuasa untuk meningkatkan lagi perkhidmatan pengangkutan awam sedia ada tanpa mengabaikan perkhidmatan tidak formal yang turut memainkan peranan penting dari segi mobiliti penduduk.

ABSTRACT The imbalance of public bus services in Kota Kinabalu has caused consumers to look at other alternatives such as informal transport. Areas that do not receive public transport services have led to the existence of informal services namely buses without permits known as "van sapu" or "pirate". This article aims to identify the characteristic of no-permit bus operation in Kota Kinabalu and to explain some of the factors of the operating a mode of transportation as informal transport. Primary sources through a survey by distributing questionnaires and interviews with the no-permit bus drivers were applied in this research. Structured interviews were also conducted with the LPKP Sabah to enhance the findings of the research. The results show that the operation of unauthorized transportation modes that available in Kota Kinabalu also has specific features including working hours, services, safety, types of vehicles used, fare rates, operating routes and mode of operating organization. The findings of the study also found that the difficulty in complying with the policy set by the government to serve as a public transport especially about permit applications has prompted drivers to decide whether to conduct bus operations without a permit. Other factors such as socioeconomic factors, citizenship and convenience factors also influence the mode of operation as informal transportation. The findings of this research help the authorities to enhance the existing public transport services without ignoring the informal services which also play an important role in terms of mobility of the population.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk memerihalkan mengenai pandangan anak dewasa atau penjaga warga emas terhadap aspek intergenerasi, sokongan psikologi dan sosial dalam penjagaan warga emas. Untuk tujuan itu, data kualitatif telah digunakan secara terperinci bagi mencapai objektif tersebut. Seramai enam (6) penjaga dewasa kepada warga tua telah menyertai kajian ini. Peserta kajian terdiri daripada kaum lelaki dan wanita yang mempunyai hubungan dengan warga tua sama ada sebagai anak, anak angkat, cucu mahupun ahli keluarga ruas lain yang sudah menganggap bahawa mereka adalah satu keluarga dan tinggal menetap di sekitar Kota Kinabalu. Data telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis tematik oleh Braun dan Clarke (2006). Secara keseluruhannya hasil kajian menampakkan bahawa nilai-nilai murni dalam masyarakat misalnya menghormati orang tua masih dipegang oleh anak-anak yang berperanan sebagai generasi muda. Lantaran daripada sikap menghormati orang tua itu seterusnya menimbul rasa tanggungjawab dan rasa sayang dalam kalangan anak-anak dewasa untuk menjaga orang tua mereka sehingga menampakkan hubungan intergenerasi yang baik. Dapatan kajian juga melaporkan bahawa penjaga dewasa memerlukan sokongan sosial dan sokongan psikologi di dalam proses menjaga orang tua mereka. Kajian ini memberi implikasi ke atas polisi berkaitan warga emas dengan menunjukkan akan keperluan untuk merangka seterusnya membina satu modul secara holistik berdasarkan Dasar Warga Tua Negara (DWEN). Ianya memerlukan penambahbaikan dalam pelan tindakan negara supaya penghasilan modul lebih bersepadu bagi menjamin kesejahteraan dan kualiti hidup bagi penjaga dan juga warga tua.

The research is intended to describe the views of adults (caregivers) on intergenerational relationships, psychological support, and social support in the care of the elderly. Therefore, qualitative data is used in detail to achieve that objective. A total of six (6) adult caregivers participated in this study. The study participants consisted of men and women who had relationships with the elderly whether as children, adopted children, grandchildren or other extended family members who considered themselves a family and lived in the vicinity of Kota Kinabalu. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis by Braun and Clarke (2006). The results of the study seem to indicate that the value of the society's respect for parents is still held by children as young people. As a result of this respect for parents comes a sense of responsibility and affection among the older children to take care of their parents and this shows good intergenerational relationships. The findings also show that adult caregivers need social and psychological support in the process of caring for their parents. This study has implications for senior citizen policy by highlighting the need to formulate a holistic module based on the National Citizenship Policy (DWEN). It needs an improvement in the country's action plan to ensure the module more integrated related to well-being and quality of life for caregivers and the elderly.

The United States is often regarded as a country of immigrants given its long history of immigration. While American Indians are the original inhabitants of this country, whites (individuals with primarily Western European and Anglo Saxon roots) have held most of the social, political, and economic influence in this country since the birth of this nation. A minority group in the United States (in terms of population size and power in general) is Latinos. This racial, ethnic group makes up the largest minority group in the United States and are individuals with direct or indirect ties to Latin America (Latinos is used here as a gender-inclusive term). While Latinos immigrate from various parts of Mexico, Central America, and South America, the largest percentage of Latinos are of Mexican descent. Actually, the largest percentage of immigrants in the United States were born in Mexico. The Latino population in the United States is multifarious. Not only do Latinos differ by national origin but they also differ by nativity, citizenship status, and skin tone, among a variety of characteristics. The term "Latino" is a pan-ethnic term used to describe the Latino population yet not all Latinos identify pan-ethnically. Further, Latinos do not identify by the same race. Since the US Census considers Latino origin an ethnicity, it provides Latinos the opportunity to identify by race. According to the 2010 US Census, the majority of Latinos identify as white (53 percent); some classify themselves as some other race (37 percent); and very few (3 percent) identify as black. Latinos' increasing presence and emerging social, political, and economic clout has been noticed by many individuals, particularly whites. Some whites have responded positively to Latinos' presence and influence, yet others have not. This article addresses race relations between whites and Latinos with a focus on what extant research reveals to us regarding whites' perceptions of immigration with a focus on Latino immigration, Latinos' views toward whites, and the determinants of white-Latino racial attitudes and relations. The bibliography below begins with a discussion of studies that have established the foundation for our understanding of white-Latino relations. This discussion is followed by a presentation of extant research (primarily from the political science discipline) focused on three major themes. The first theme is perceptions of immigrants and immigration with a focus on the determinants on these attitudes. The second theme of the following studies center on Latinos' social, economic, cultural, and political incorporation into the United States and whites' perceptions of their behavior. Lastly, the third major theme focuses on white-Latino racial attitudes, the precursors of coalition formation, and the factors that structure inter-race relations. This article culminates with a discussion of critical data sources that individuals can consult for further research on white-Latino relations.

A experiência educacional e as discussões sobre Bioética no Brasil têm estado principalmente centradas no âmbito do Ensino Superior, nos níveis de graduação e pós-graduação e, ainda, circunscritas à área da saúde. Nos últimos anos, porém, vem crescendo o reconhecimento da importância de que as discussões e o aprendizado de questões centrais da Bioética sejam desenvolvidos desde a Educação Básica. Entretanto, nesse segmento de ensino a sugestão é que esse aprendizado não se constitua como disciplina formal e sim como uma área a ser trabalhada durante a formação integral do educando. A Bioética acaba sendo vista como um componente da Educação para a cidadania, pautada em valores e construída ao longo da escolarização nas relações mais justas, na dignidade humana. Como os jovens de hoje, apesar de terem acesso a informações sobre os avanços biotecnológicos, científicos e sociais que dizem respeito a vida humana, nem sempre são providos de senso crítico para interpretá-las. Desta forma, é fundamental a abordagem da Bioética desde a Educação Básica. Entretanto, existe uma grande dificuldade em se aplicar práticas de Bioética ainda não regulamentadas nas diretrizes e nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e discutir experiências educacionais em Bioética desenvolvidas na Educação Básica, de modo a compreender as aproximações e o tratamento dado ao tema. A pesquisa bibliográfica realizada identificou experiências educacionais que propõem modelos de discussão e reflexão, as quais auxiliaram o aprimoramento moral e ético de todos os envolvidos.Palavras-chave: Bioética. Educação Básica. Ensino.AbstractThe educational experience and discussions on Bioethics in Brazil have been mainly focused on Higher Education, undergraduate and graduate levels and still limited to the health area. In recent years, however, there has been a growing recognition concerning the importance that discussions and learning about core issues of Bioethics be developed from Basic Education, without the connotation of a formal discipline, but as an area to be worked during the student's integral formation. Bioethics is seen as an education component for citizenship, based on values and built throughout schooling in the fairiest relationships , human dignity, autonomy, justice and quality of life. In addition, today's young people have access to information on biotechnological, scientific, and social developments that belong to human life, but are not always provided with critical sense to interpret them. Therefore, the bioethics approach since Basic Education is fundamental. However, there is great difficulty applying Bioethics practices not regulated in the National Curriculum Guidelines and Parameters yet. This study aimed to identify and discuss educational experiences in Bioethics developed in Basic Education, in order to understand the approaches and the treatment given to the theme. The bibliographical research carried out identified educational experiences that propose discussion and reflection models which help promote the moral and ethical improvement of all those involved.Keywords: Bioethics. Elementary school. Education

La técnica de la mediación se ha ampliado en Chile desde espacios tradicionales como el escolar o el familiar, a otros espacios menos habituales como el laboral e incluso el comunitario o vecinal. Sin embargo, en este último ámbito, su utilización en Chile hoy es muy incipiente y reviste desafíos a la institucionalidad y a quienes la operan en el marco de la nueva gestión pública. Para el Trabajo Social –importante operador de la política pública y responsable de contribuir a la necesaria "democratización social"–, este tipo de mediación puede constituir un buen recurso o bien público al momento de fortalecer el tejido social, además que le permite aprovechar la expertise de la formación recibida por este profesional. Este artículo busca contextualizar sociohistóricamente la práctica de la mediación comunitaria en Chile, permitiendo explorar algunas oportunidades que presenta hoy este espacio para el Trabajo Social, en épocas de globalización.Palabras clave: Ciudadanía, Desarrollo Sinergético, Mediación Vecinal-Comunitaria, Trabajo Social de Comunidad.A mediação comunitária e/ou da vizinhança: uma contribuição para a democratização social e um novo espaço para o trabalho social de comunidadeA técnica de mediação tem se expandido no Chile desde espaços tradicionais, tais como a escola e a família, para outros espaços menos tradicionais, tais como o trabalho e até mesmo o comunitário ou vizinhança. No entanto, neste último aspecto, seu uso no Chile hoje é muito incipiente e reveste de desafios à institucionalidade e aqueles que operam no âmbitoda nova gestão pública. Para o Trabalho Social – importante operador dapolítica pública e responsável de contribuir a necessária "democratizaçãosocial" – este tipo de mediação pode se constituir num bom recurso ouBem público ao momento de fortalecer o tecido social, além do mais,que lhe permite aproveitar os conhecimentos da formação recebida poreste profissional. Este artigo visa contextualizar sociohistoricamente aprática da mediação comunitária no Chile, permitindo explorar algumasoportunidades que hoje apresenta este espaço para o trabalho Social emtempos de globalização.Palavras-chave: Cidadania, Desenvolvimento sinergético, MediaçãoVizinhança-Comunitária, Trabalho Social de Comunidade.Community and/or neighborhood mediation: Acontribution to social democracy and a new space forcommunity social workThe technique of mediation has expanded in Chile from traditional areassuch as school or family to other less traditional such as labor and eventhe community or neighborhood. However, the latter is very new in Chiletoday and imposes challenges to institutions and to those who operate itunder the new public management. For the Social Work – major operatorof public policy and responsible for contributing to the necessary "socialdemocracy" – this type of mediation can be a good resource to strengthenthe social fabric and leverage expertise of this professional training. Thisarticle is aimed to socio historically contextualize community mediationpractice in Chile exploring some opportunities today for social work inglobalization times.Keywords: Citizenship, synergistic development, neighborhood-communitymediation, community social work.

Resumo Este artigo visa reunir argumentos para construção de uma abordagem comparativa e compreensiva aos movimentos indígenas na América Latina como movimentos sociais anticolonialistas. Os argumentos serão apresentados em duas partes consecutivas. A primeira trata da permanência da colonialidade do poder na economia política dos Estados nacionais na América Latina, articulada que está ao padrão de poder vigente no sistema mundial. A segunda enfatiza os modos diversos como os movimentos indígenas vinculam suas reivindicações por terras e cidadania em lutas por autodeterminação e autonomia segundo uma lógica anticolonialista. Conclui-se que a operacionalização dos direitos indígenas na região está atrelada à superação do padrão de poder capitalista mantido e estimulado pelos Estados nacionais com vistas a assegurar a expansão territorial do capitalismo como condição sine qua non para sua própria perpetuação. Palavras-chave Movimentos indígenas; dependência; desenvolvimentismo; multiculturalismo; América Latina ***Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo reunir argumentos para la construcción de un enfoque comparativo y comprensivo de los movimientos indígenas en América Latina como movimientos anticoloniales. Los argumentos se presentan en dos partes consecutivas. La primera trata de la permanencia de la colonialidad del poder en la economía política de los Estados nacionales en América Latina, que se articula con el patrón de poder del sistema mundial. La segunda hace hincapié en las distintas formas en las que los movimientos indígenas unen sus reclamos por la autodeterminación y la autonomía a sus reclamos por la tierra y la ciudadanía a raíz de una lógica anticolonialista. El artículo concluye que la eficacia de los derechos indígenas se adjunta a la superación del patrón de poder capitalista mantenido y estimulado por los Estados Nación, que tiene por objeto prever la expansión territorial del capitalismo como condición sine qua non para su propia perpetuación. Palabras clave Movimientos indígenas; capitalismo dependiente; desarrollismo; multiculturalismo; Latinoamérica***Abstract This article aims to bring together arguments for building a comparative and comprehensive approach to indigenous movements in Latin America as anticolonial movements. The arguments are presented in two consecutive parts. The first deals with the permanence of the coloniality of power in the political economy of national states in Latin America, which is hinged to the power pattern of the world system. The second emphasizes the different ways in which the indigenous movements attach their claims for self-determination and autonomy to their claims for land and citizenship following an anticolonialist logic. The article concludes that the effectiveness of indigenous rights is attached to the overcoming of the capitalist power pattern maintained and stimulated by the Nation States, which seeks to provide for the territorial expansion of capitalism as condition sine qua non for its own perpetuation. Keywords Indigenous movements; dependence; developmentalism; multiculturalismo; Latin America

En este articulo se analiza el marco teorico para el estudio de la movilizacion politica que afloro en Espana a partir del 15 de marzo de 2011, tratando de dilucidar si se trata de un fenomeno nuevo o si responde a factores que vienen gestandose desde hace tiempo y que no pueden ser abarcados con una perspectiva estrictamente coyuntural (acaso acuciada por la crisis economica). Mas que una aproximacion empirica a esa movilizacion, se diseccionan algunos enfoques para perfilar sinergica e integralmente el estado del arte para el estudio de la participacion politica, desde el que se puedan precisar factores mas profundos -sistemicos- de caracter mas duradero. Se repasan las transformaciones operadas en los sistemas politicos en las ultimas decadas y las consecuencias que han podido tener para la propia democracia, la percepcion que de su funcionamiento -y de sus promesas incumplidas- tiene la ciudadania, asi como para la participacion ciudadana en el marco de la nueva politica o el nuevo paradigma politico. La conclusion es que los cambios estructurales apuntan a perdurables transformaciones en los sistemas politicos y la ciudadania y sus formas de participacion politica. En ese nuevo paradigma se incardinan las movilizaciones que, en el contexto de una grave crisis economica, vuelven sobre temas y conflictos que parecian superados, si bien con nuevas perspectivas y formas de accion. En definitiva, se trata de movilizaciones de caracter democratico -que no pueden ser calificadas de antisistema- y que no se orientan si no a mejorar la calidad del funcionamiento de los propios sistemas democraticos The aim of this article is to analyze the theoretical framework for the study of political mobilizations that arose in Spain in March 2011. The aim is to find out whether these mobilizations are based in short-term factors or in structural long-term ones. More than an empirical analysis of these mobilizations, the aim is to study the state of the art of the framework for the study of political participation, to analyze whether these mobilizations are a temporary phenomenon (eventually enhanced by the economic crisis) or they are structural-based and, therefore, will have more long-lasting effects. We will go over the transformations that political systems have gone through in the last decades and the consequences they may have had for democracy, citizenship and political participation (and the way citizens evaluate the former and its broken promises). We conclude these structural changes point to a new political paradigm in which political participation has to be analyzed under a new scope. Under this new paradigm, political protest is not addressed to overthrow the democratic system, but to improving it's functioning and to reach the ideals it assumed and which (apparently) fosters. Adapted from the source document.