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Examines the emergence of Hong Kong's new rich class & explores its political, economic, social, & international implications, drawing on the literature. This new group, including members of the capitalist & middle classes who have emerged from the process of industrialization since the 1960s, is categorized into four types: local bourgeoisie, local middle-class liberals, local middle-class nationalists, & mainland Chinese bourgeoisie. Politically, the rise of the new rich has contributed to the emergence of pluralism in Hong Kong. However, because Hong Kong is increasingly tied economically to the People's Republic of China, its politics in the future will likely be shaped by China's political & economic circumstances. The social liberalization brought about by the middle class is also likely to be tempered by China's authoritarian political system. However, China's influence over postcolonial Hong Kong may be kept in check by international concern over Hong Kong's future. D. M. Smith

Discusses national identity & citizenship from an African perspective, drawing on an analysis of publications in the popular press & a review of the relevant demographic & historical characteristics. In Africa, citizenship is defined in terms of three conceptions: as membership in an identifiable civil society, a set of rights & obligations pertaining to that civil society, & an experiential reality with which Africans cope. Citizenship is distinguished from nation in that nationality refers to identification based on shared territory, history, or culture consciously juxtaposed to a foreign identity. Postcolonial constitutions were written in every African country to protect the rights of all citizens under their jurisdiction. However, these rights have been eroded to favor a particular collectivity as a model of state-sponsored nationalism. This process has produced repeated conflict & wars across the African continent since the late 1970s. A solution to this dilemma will require the institutionalization of political participation, itself dependent on the infrastructural adjustment of African economies. 20 References. D. M. Ryfe