Cluster-network analysis of online communities will move from rizomnoy paradigm to cluster in the perception of social networks as a form of interpersonal and intergroup communication. This article describes the author's technique created and approved research online communities of political, public and commercial organizations in the framework of the IIP in "AIT" Bashkir State University.
In: Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta: naučno-teoretičeskij žurnal = Science journal of Volgograd State University. Serija 4, Istorija, regionovedenie, meždunarodnye otnošenija = History. Area studies. International relations, Volume 21, Issue 2
The article deals with the complex and controversial problems of the new regional communities' formation and the impact of the interethnic relations sphere on them. The author notes that the processes of interaction between representatives of different cultures and civilizations, ethnic groups and religions have become increasingly controversial and tense in the context of continuous social dynamics. Similarly to the Russian society as a whole, regional communities are in a state of transitivity. They get transformed, they acquire new qualities such as multicasting and heterogeneity, multi-ethnicity and multi-confessionalism, fragmentarity and multiculturality.
This fact increases the risks and uncertainties, problematizes future prospects. National non-governmental organizations are increasingly positioning themselves as civil society institutions at the present stage of social development at the regional level. They perform a difficult dual task: on the one hand, they ensure the preservation and development of history, native language, culture, ethnic traditions, and on the other hand, they work on the integration, on the common identity and the Russian nation formation.
On the territory of the Volgograd region, largely due to the active cooperation of regional authorities and local authorities with national public associations, international and inter-confessional relations are stable. The basis of such activity is respect for history, native language, culture, tradition, religion, national dignity of all people in the region, regardless of their belonging to a certain ethnic group or religion. Over two decades of accumulated considerable experience of joint inter-ethnic dialogue and cooperation, provided tolerance and peace, harmony and mutual understanding between people of different ethnicities and religions in the country.
Most of the participants in the network community passively absorb information in the form of characters included in the communication codes. Which in turn are formed on the basis of values worldviews, ideas and ideals. Distribution and perception of information more effective, closer communication code communication community codes. This leads to a positive perception of the (support) posts supporters and opponents of the condemnation of the ideas promoted. The article deals with the creation of modern technologies in political communication strategy of propaganda.
The article deals with the social characteristics of the Internet audience, virtual social communities, as well as examples of using the Internet space in realsociety. Subjected to analysis of user behavior in virtual reality. Provide new social characteristics of Internet users.
На основе многолетних исследований структуры коммуникационных связей сетевых сообществ стало возможным выделить этапы жизнедеятельности и описать виды трансформации связей и некоторые другие метрики сетевого сообщества на каждом из этапов.
Си Цзиньпин полагает, что у Китая есть возможность до 2035 года сделать страну ведущей экономической, технологической и, возможно, даже военной державой в мире. На основании этого в статье рассматривается современная модель ведения внешнеполитической деятельности КНР, в которой страна стремится не только занять центральное положение на мировой арене, соизмеримое с собственной экономической и военной мощью, но также перестроить, изменить и переопределить элементы существующей системы в соответствии взглядам и интересам Китая. Автором утверждается, что несмотря на уверенность в растущей материальной мощи Китая, стране все еще не хватает «дискурсивной силы» –способности оказывать влияние на формулировки и идеи, лежащие в основе международного порядка. Хотя китайское руководство мобилизовало интеллектуальные ресурсы, чтобы заполнить этот пробел, оно не изложило явно альтернативное видение того, как должен выглядеть мир.
One of the most prominent and at the same time the most complicated storylines of Lithuanian history between two world wars — the conflict between Lithuania and Poland for Vilnius. It is important to note that dramatic events occurred in Vilnius and around it, which essentially determined the democratic relations between Lithuania and Poland in the interwar period, influenced not only Lithuanians and Poles, but also national minorities living there for many centuries, first of all — the most numerous and influential Jewish communities. Geopolitical changes, the loss of historical capital and proclamation of Provisional capital affect the new search of coexistence of Vilnius and Kaunas Jewish communities with the dominant nation and directly affects cultural, political development. This paper attempts to present how the Vilnius question influenced the positions and choices of the Kaunas Jewish community in interwar years. Kaunas Jews have survived the crisis of identity in a provisional capital. In this period, Kaunas Jews began to create a new system — the alternative "Jerusalem of Lithuania". Furthermore, Kaunas Jews joined the Vilnius liberation campaign in 1930s together with Lithuanians.
On the basis of the system approach, the specifics of various concepts to the definition of the phenomenon of cyberterrorism are revealed. The conclusion that modern cyberterrorism aimed at threatening international and state security is one of the effective levers for achieving political goals on the world stage is argued. Modern cyberterrorism in its scale, technical capabilities and consequences can be put in line with traditional terrorism and organized crime with full confidence. Through comprehensive analysis, topical problems of countering computer terrorism in modern society have been identified. Priority forms of inter-State cooperation have been justified, as well as the necessary measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of the fight against cyberterrorism have been identified.
The traditional subjects of civil society, which have been active for a long period of time, are losing their former influence and importance. Researchers point out a decrease in the population's civil engagement in many countries of the world. The existing concepts of civil society are losing their explanatory power. This article presents an attempt to resolve the issue in question. The purpose of this article is to analyze the social community of parents as a new subject of civil society. In order to achieve this goal, civil society is examined from a community approach standpoint, according to which it is interpreted as a special form of social community. Its specific nature is conditioned by the fact that such a community consists of individuals (and their associations) which support distinct needs, interests and value orientations. It is shown that individuals (and their associations), when possessing the necessary resources (mainly social capital), engage in cooperative actions to fulfill and protect their needs and interests within certain boundaries of time and space. The article stresses the fact that such activity turns into a dominant model of living, in other words – a lifestyle for members of a civil society community. Analyzed are the key characteristics, functions and the structure of civil society as a social community, together with the creation and development of a parent community within it as a new element of the former. This serves as a foundation for demonstrating that the modern parent community is evolving. While preserving its traditional community features and functions, the social community of parents is acquiring more traits and functions inherent to a civil society community, transforming into a special type of the latter. The gradual process of integrating the parent social community into the community structure of civil society is shown. Also highlighted is the fact that this process is occurring with varying intensity in time and space, as a result of the non-uniformity and inconsistency of the parent community itself. The objective disparity between parents affects their degree of involvement in practices of civil society, as well as the nature of interactions within and between communities. The article suggests regarding the interior structure of the parent community as dynamic, consisting of a core, semi-periphery and periphery. The conclusion states that in modern conditions the parent community turns into what drives the development of civil society.
This article sets out to study the professors' community in the Red Professorate Institute in regards to the community's homogeneity and its didactic potential. Based on statistical and autobiographical documents deposited in the State archive of the Russian Federation, the author comes to the conclusion that the Institute did not succeed in crystallizing the cadres of a new type of Soviet professorship, due to their being no common features between its members: neither on the level of education and qualification characteristics, nor in the social homogeneity, nor in their political loyalty. The community was bright, polyphonic, heterogeneous, mobile, variable, sometimes responding to encouraging requests from the authorities (such as, for example, party membership), and sometimes ignoring them. In the socio-demographic aspect, the Institute of Red Professors did not completely become an ideological institution, how it was planned by Soviet government (although it was secured in curricula and programs of the disciplines). It was one of the places where the intelligentsia worked, where their knowledge and skills, often acquired even before 1917, were in demand.
The task of paramount importance for any state is the preservation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity, the sustainable development of territories. Globalization, which has affected all spheres of social life, has exacerbated the problem of the loss of a person's identity to the local. In conditions when the state, under pressure from the external environment, needs to maintain sovereignty and create conditions for development, universalists, for whom sovereignty is not a value, carry a protest potential, which under certain conditions manifests itself in conflict forms of interaction with the authorities. The purpose of the study is to identify the environmental capabilities of the territory in strengthening the connection of the individual with the place of residence, to identify the resources of collective integration at the level of local communities with the prospect of reaching wider social institutions. It is determined that the objective condition that ensures the stability of society in the context of the transformation of the social structure is the presence of consolidation — the social cohesion of its citizens, their identity with the place of residence. The conceptual basis of the study is a socio-territorial approach that contributes to an objective analysis of the processes occurring in local communities under the influence of globalization processes. Within the framework of the approach, interrelations and interdependencies between economic, moral, ethical, institutional processes observed on the territory of local communities in the context of globalization are established. The properties of global processes that level out local specifics are named. Theoretically substantiated social practices of forming a person's commitment to the place of residence, in particular, one of the solutions is the accumulative effect of horizontal connections, the network principle of interaction between residents of the local community. The study of local communities in the context of globalization expands the possibilities of modeling the possibilities of the local as a field of resistance to the global.
This article presents an introduction to the publication of "Foreword" (1940) — prepared by P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), a Russian and American sociologist — for the first American edition of "Community and Society" (1887) by F. Tönnies (1855‒1936), a German sociologist. "Foreword" is examined as a standalone theoretical piece in order to complete the historical-sociological facts and circumstances of its creation and publication, the ideological connections of the text in question with any other theories, and above all — with the sociology created by F. Tönnies. In "Foreword", which is filled with references to ideas by major representatives of Chinese, European and Arab cultures and to the social values in their ideological heritage, P.A. Sorokin established the universal character of the social organization types introduced by F. Tönnies — "community and society" ("Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft" in German) — and stated his ideological affiliation to this dichotomy. Thus, the project for the theory of society and social evolution by P.A. Sorokin has been shown to cover both social forms introduced by F. Tönnies. The identified social values, which constitute an independent foundation for Sorokin's theory of society and social evolution, help in developing the gnoseological aspect of his sociology. The writing of F. Tönnies, as well as P.A. Sorokin's "Foreword", defined their era. They include multiple points for incorporating new ideas in order to expand and evolve the theory of modern society.
This article is devoted to the interpretation of the key Chinese diplomatic concept of 'Renlei Mingyun gongtongti' ('a community with a shared future for mankind') based on the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM), which tries to reduce the semantics of all lexicons to a limited set of semantic primitives. The goals of the study are, firstly, to reveal the essence of this concept in Chinese, secondly, to analyze the options for its translation into English and Russian, and thirdly, to interpret it with the help of Minimal Language, which is the latest development of the theory of NSM. 'Renlei Mingyun gongtongti' consists of three parts: 'renlei' means the whole of humanity, 'mingyun' means all the good and bad events (opportunities and challenges) that humanity will face in the future, and 'gongtongti' means the mutual exchange of opportunities and responsibility to challenges. Due to the complexity of these concepts, questions of their perception also arise. These questions force us to find another way of interpretation, namely with the help of words that are semantically simpler, objective and almost universal in all languages of the world, which help to maximize the simplicity and universality of the interpretation of more complex diplomatic concepts. The scientific novelty of the study is that this is the first attempt by Chinese russianists to interpret this diplomatic concept using Minimal Language.
Identity in modern sociocultural discourse is one of the most actual issues that affects at epistemological, cultural and social processes. Variability, pluralism and the changing nature of the conditions in which the individual acts create certain models for choice. The problem of selfdetermination of an individual in such ambiguous discourse is put forward on one of the first plans of philosophical themes of the present day. The analysis of identity allows defining and explaining the changes in the social and personal aspects of self-determination of a person. Religion is the main factor of the individual's identity, which creates the feeling that the world really is what it seems. Representatives of a religious minority have an additional element of solidarity based on isolation from representatives of the titular denomination of a certain region. In this article, an attempt has been made to comprehend the mechanisms for constructing the identity of representatives of progressive Judaism in Russia (on the example of the community of Le-dor Va-dor in Moscow). Analysis of the design of the identity of representatives of progressive Judaism allows us to identify the most significant constants in the ways of identifying a person in a multi-confessional modern society. The mere fact of the existence in Russia of progressive Judaism gives rise to the formation of specifically separate relationships between representatives of different currents of Judaism. In the religious space of the city of Moscow, the progressive community of Judaism occupies a significant place among the Jewish population, which, due to the processes of globalization, increasingly turns to religion as a factor of referring itself to a certain community. The strategy of building an identity by the progressive community of Judaism in Moscow shows that the community as a public institution based on the reproduction of established traditions takes its own specific features. The mechanisms of constructing religious identity within the framework of the community under consideration became the basis for group consolidation and acquired the status of significant for each individual within this community. This local version of progressive Judaism is largely different from the Western version and has its own specific features.
The currently being prepared for publication "Foreword" to F. Tönnies' work "Community and Society" was written by Harvard University professor P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968), who was a Russian/American sociologist. It was first published alongside the English translation of Tönnies' book, issued in New York back in 1940. According to P.A. Sorokin, Tönnies' community and society dichotomy represents a universal categorical description of two opposing forms of social organization. They appear in the social evolution of various civilizations and in the writings of their founders. P.A. Sorokin considered Tönnies to be one of the contemporary successors to the tradition of describing society in such a way. Tönnies' book was ahead of its time. It is mentioned in "Foreword" that the first German edition, published in 1887, did not attract readers' attention. However, when the 20th century came around — this book became a point of reference for German social scientists, as well as for educated individuals among the general public. "Foreword" mentions the reason for its rapid increase in popularity, which turned out to be a rapid and widespread transition from "community" to a "society" based on contractual relations. P.A. Sorokin points out that Tönnies created his essay during a time when the "Gesellschaft type of society" was "triumphantly rooting out the Gemeinschaft". However, even back then Tönnies highlighted the shortcomings of capitalism as a form of social life. The American edition of Tönnies' book, published in 1940, was its first complete translation to a foreign language (the 1927 Japanese edition had been shortened). P.A. Sorokin's "Foreword" to this edition marked the beginning of this writing's worldwide fame. This is the first time "Foreword" has ever been published in Russian. It was not included in the 2002 Russian edition of Tönnies' book. This publication, however, makes up for such an omission in theoretical sociology. The publication together with commentary has been prepared by N.A. Golovin.
