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В статье рассматриваются вопросы применения аутсорсинга в государственном управлении в контексте российского законодательства. ; In article questions of application of outsourcing in public administration in the context of the Russian legislation are considered.

The status of Village has still been outside of the government bureucratic-system. It is still being positioned as a community that regulated by State and given the governmental tasks. The Law Number 6/ 2014 regarding The Village not includes it into the local government system. This research was conducted in Wilalung Village. The aim of it was to evaluate whether or not the Village in practice has been currently relevant with Article 18 B Verse (2) of Constitution 1945. The Data were collected through several ways: field observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion, and literature study. This study found that regulation of Village is on the out side bases of the Article 18 B Verse (2).Therefore, the Village-Administration needs to be restructured and into the local government system.

The development of a specific industry could enhance a countrys economic growth by facilitating its global positioning. Some industries may require government support to enable meaningful economic contribution. The South African government provided support to its automotive industry via the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) since 1995. The MIDP ended in 2012, and is being replaced by the Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP) from 2013. The APDP will extend support to the South African automotive industry until 2020. The motivation for the extension is to continue providing support to South Africas automotive industry in its attempt to become a sustainable global competitor with reduced reliance on government support. This article analyses the opinions of relevant stakeholders on the anticipated performance of the South African automotive industry under the APDP. It was motivated by the fact that there is currently no research available on the anticipated performance of the South African automotive industry under the APDP. It also highlights the link between stakeholders opinions and the documented performance of the MIDP as well as the design of the APDPs policy instruments. Data was gathered by using a survey that was distributed to relevant stakeholders in the South African automotive industry. The results show that where there is policy uncertainty, the perceived risk impacts the opinions of relevant stakeholders. Consequently, there is much uncertainty among participating stakeholders regarding the APDPs ability to satisfy policy objectives. The majority of stakeholders agreed that the APDP is a World Trade Organization compliant programme and that it will facilitate increased research and development spend. However, there are reservations about the possible negative impact of the APDPs policy instruments on the South African automotive industrys exports as well as the future of the local automotive components industry. It is therefore recommended that governments should ensure that policy design is transparent and is finalised and communicated early enough to afford relevant stakeholders sufficient time to respond appropriately.

Senegal is a country of contradictions. Cultural holdovers from the past battle with the influx of foreign ideas and development strategies. Development in Senegal takes many forms, yet despite the many steps forward in ameliorating living conditions and protecting the environment, traditional practices and perspectives often delay or hinder these advances. This is true in all sectors, including the environment, politics, urban planning, and community development. How the Senegalese harmonize new strategies with traditional perspectives will determine the extent and effectiveness of future development.