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The southern region of Kyrgyzstan is traditionally considered rich in resources. The transition to market relations, socioeconomic and political reforms, socioeconomic instability in the country in the first years of sovereignty decisively influenced the dynamics and character of the life of the population. As a result of this, a deep and comprehensive study of the ethno-demographic processes of the republic is relevant. The diversity of the historical development of ethnic groups on the territory of Kyrgyzstan, the self-reproduction of the peoples living there, has both scientific and practical significance. The demographic process of the population is caused by several factors such as: historical features of the region, the level of economic development, the relationship of cultures of various ethnic groups. Migration processes in the Kyrgyz Republic are due to political and socio-economic transformational changes that have arisen after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The migration of the population of independent Kyrgyzstan began to be determined by completely different factors than those that dominated in the last decades of the existence of the USSR. Reforming the socio-political system brought to the fore such factors as the emergence of freedom of movement of the population, the development of market relations, the inclusion of the Kyrgyz Republic in the ambiguous and complex processes of transnationalization of the world economy, as well as the aggravation of interethnic relations. The peculiarity of these processes in the post-Soviet space was manifested in the intensification of labor and ethnic migrations, which inevitably entailed economic and social-structural, ethnocultural changes in the regions of Kyrgyzstan. Migration processes are primarily associated with socioeconomic problems, and migration, in turn, actively affects the socio-economic, ethnic development of society. Based on statistical data, this article gives a general description of the dynamics of the population, ethnic composition, migration processes and the current ethno-demographic situation in southern Kyrgyzstan.