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Significance The number of refugees displaced by civil conflict or natural disasters is on the rise. Economic impacts of refugees on host countries are controversial and little understood, because data have not been available and the question of refugee impacts does not lend itself to conventional impact evaluation methods. We use a unique Monte Carlo simulation approach with microdata from refugee and host-country surveys to obtain the first estimates of refugee camps’ impacts on surrounding host-country economies and to compare impacts of cash versus in-kind refugee aid. An additional refugee increases total real income within a 10-km radius around two cash camps by significantly more than the aid the refugee receives. Impacts around a camp receiving in-kind (food) aid are smaller.

A strong relationship exists between South Carolina's economy and aviation. In today's global market place, the state's system of commercial service and general aviation airports is essential. South Carolina's diversified system of airports helps to both lead and sustain growth and economic diversification. Airports in South Carolina support the state's economy, and are themselves economic generators. In doing so, residents, businesses, and the state's visitors also rely on the airport system for health, welfare, and safety needs. Further, South Carolina's military airfields are also important to our national security. The Department of Commerce, through its Aeronautics Office, commissioned this economic impact study to quantify the economic impacts, qualitative benefits, and tax revenues attributable to South Carolina' airports and military airfields.

The local economic impact of a large tertiary education institution such as a university is an issue which has attracted considerable attention in literature. Beck et al (1995, 246) define economic impact as "the difference between existing economic activity in a region given the presence of the institution and the level that would have been present if the institution did not exist." Generally, there are three substantial problems. First, the definition of impact, second, measuring and estimating first-round expenditures and avoiding double-counting, third, estimating the correct value of the multiplicator. The economic impact study has become a standard tool used by Western universities to persuade state legislatures of the importance of expenditures on higher education. If this tool is to be used effectively, it must be applied with a methodological rigor that promotes integrity of the process. As economic impact studies become a political tool in the review of education, conservative assumptions and methods should be used to promote objectivity in the research process.

Intro -- PRISON GROWTH ANDECONOMIC IMPACT -- PRISON GROWTH ANDECONOMIC IMPACT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PRISON GROWTH -- SUMMARY -- CORRECTIONS A RISING CONCERN -- Corrections Sector -- U.S. CORRECTIONS SYSTEM -- PRISONER BOOM -- Incarceration Trends -- PRISON EMPLOYMENT -- Unions -- PRISON CONSTRUCTION -- Rural Prisons -- Cost and Overcrowding -- Financing -- PRIVATE SECTOR -- Private Prison Companies -- The Private Prison Industry -- Corrections Corporation of America -- Geo Group -- Cornell Companies -- Other Private Firms -- Phone Service -- ECONOMIC IMPACT -- Prisons as Drivers of Economic Development -- Shelby, MT -- Hardin, MT -- CHALLENGES FOR POLICYMAKERS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 PRISONERS IN 2008: BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS -- HIGHLIGHTS -- SLOWER GROWTH IN THE STATE PRISON POPULATION ASSOCIATED WITH FEWER NEW COURT COMMITMENTS -- NUMBER AND RATE OF PRISON RELEASES INCREASED IN 2008 -- SLOWER GROWTH IN THE PRISON POPULATION SINCE 2000 WAS ASSOCIATED WITH A DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF SENTENCED BLACK PRISONERS -- FEWER BLACKS IMPRISONED FOR DRUG OFFENSES ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OF THE DECLINE IN THE NUMBER OF SENTENCED BLACKS IN STATE PRISON -- THE U.S. IMPRISONMENT RATE DECREASED FOR THE SECOND TIME SINCE YEAREND 2000 -- MEN AGES 30 TO 34 AND WOMEN AGES 35 TO 39 HAD THE HIGHEST IMPRISONMENT RATES -- STATE PRISON CAPACITIES WERE HIGHER IN 2008 THAN IN 2000 -- PERCENT OF CAPACITY OCCUPIED DECREASED IN 2008 -- METHODOLOGY -- National Prisoner Statistics -- Military Corrections Statistics -- Other Inmate Counts -- Estimating Changes in Admissions and Releases -- Estimating Age-Specific Incarceration Rates -- DEFINITIONS -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 PRISON CONSTRUCTION: CLEAR COMMUNICATION ON THE ACCURACY OF COST ESTIMATES AND PROJECT CHANGES IS NEEDED -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND

"China's Economic Impact on Africa" published on by Oxford University Press.