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Energy efficiency and renewable energy legislation in the 109th Congress / Fred Sissine -- Energy efficiency : budget, oil conservation, and electricity conservation issues / Fred Sissine -- Energy : useful facts and numbers / Carol Glover and Carl E. Behrens -- Energy tax policy / Salvatore Lazzari

Energy Efficiency and Development of Renewables: Russia's Approach / by Vyacheslav Kulagin. - S. 2-9 Improving Russian Energy Efficiency: Next Steps / by Andreas Goldthau. - S. 9-12 European Practices Offer a Good Model for Russia / by Peter Richards. - S. 12-13 Energy Use and CO2 Emissions. Russia in International Comparison. - S. 14

Zugleich gedruckt veröffentlicht im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin unter der ISBN 978-3-7983-2552-4. ; Energy saving in buildings through cost and energy-intensive measures, such as the application of additional building materials and technologies, is only possible with a great consumption of resources and CO2 emissions for their production. For low energy buildings, the investment costs, including user costs and governmental subsidies, are generally high, and construction is not always economically viable in consideration of the national capital in the present economic conditions of most countries. For these reasons, it is first of all necessary to apply cost and resource-efficient measures to save energy in buildings and then make use of additional cost and energy-intensive measures by improving the thermal envelope, the HVAC system or by installing energy generating systems. One of the most cost effective and ecological methods of energy saving in buildings is the reduction of energy requirements through climate responsive architecture. Due to the fact that energy saving through the optimization of architecture is not only cost-neutral, resource-efficient and carbon-neutral but also has a very high energy-saving potential, the first and most important strategy to save energy should be an optimized and climate responsive design. Energy saving through optimized architectural design is economically and ecologically sustainable. The development of building simulation science in the last decades has made it easier to study the energy performance of buildings. Tools have made it possible to predict the complex behavior of buildings regarding the climate. Except for the comparison of different building typologies to find the most efficient, there are no other methods to achieve energy savings through the architectural design, which can be applied by a variety of building types and climates. Therefore, in order to encourage the optimization of architectural design, it is necessary to improve these methods which represent strategies to significantly reduce the energy demand of buildings. Architectural Energy Efficiency is a parametric method which separately studies the effects of various energy-related architectural factors on the energy demand of buildings by using dynamic energy simulations to find the, from an energy efficiency point of view, optimum value for each of these. The architectural factors include orientation, building elongation, building form, opening ratio in different orientations, sun shading, natural ventilation etc. The research process that led to the formulation of the Architectural Energy Efficiency method is based on a series of simulations carried out by a dynamic simulation software tool (DesignBuilder) to calculate the energy demands of a building with different variants for a single architectural feature. The aim of the simulations is to find an optimum set of energy-related variables that result in the best and most efficient energy performance for a specific building type and climate. This method of efficiency illustrates the effects different architectural features have on the various energy demands of buildings. The criteria are derived from the application of this method for a specific building occupation and climate, and can be applied in the design process of buildings, which leads to improvements of the energy performance and a reduction of resource consumption. As the architectural design affects the heating and cooling as well as the lighting energy demands of buildings, the optimum value of each factor must be based on these three aspects. The heating, cooling and lighting energy demands of buildings all behave very differently. Therefore, these three energy demands together (i. e. the sum of heating, cooling and lighting energy) must also be applied as a criterion to study the building energy performance and find the optimum value for each architectural feature. The criteria for selecting the best variant can not only be based on the total energy demand, but should also consider the primary energy demand, the CO2 emissions, energy costs (for heating, cooling and lighting), life cycle costs, etc. The application of these findings to the architectural design of buildings minimizes the energy demand, the CO2 emissions and energy costs of the building, does not, however, affect the initial building costs. The advantages of energy saving through optimizing the architectural design are not only the improvement of the building's energy performance, but also the fact that the energy saving is cost and resource-efficient. This means that the energy demand of a building will decrease without increasing the investment costs of the building and without consuming any resources and energy for the production of additional building materials. The cost and resource efficiency contributes towards the economic and ecological sustainability of a building during the full life cycle.

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface by the Authors to the 1st edition -- show [s_mainhd1]Preface by the Authors to the 2nd edition[?tpb 8pc]10# -- show [s_mainhd1]Preface by the Authors to the English Version of the 2nd edition[?tpb 8pc]10# -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- List of Formula Symbols Used -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Introduction -- 2: Fundamentals of Energy Efficiency -- 2.1 Legal Framework -- 2.2 Considerations on the Systematics of Energy Efficiency -- 2.2.1 General Measures to Improve Energy Efficiency -- Example: Waste Water Treatment and Heat Recovery in the Textile Industry -- 2.3 Methods -- 2.3.1 Technical Analyses -- 2.3.2 Economic Analyses -- 2.3.3 Stationary and Mobile Measurement Technology -- Literature -- 3: Electricity-Based Enabling Technologies -- 3.1 Electrical Power Supply -- 3.1.1 Transformers -- 3.1.1.1 Basics -- 3.1.1.2 Power Factor Correction -- 3.1.1.3 Uninterruptible Power Supply -- 3.1.1.4 Cable Dimensioning -- 3.1.2 Recommendations -- 3.2 Electric Lighting -- 3.2.1 Basics -- 3.2.2 Measures -- 3.2.2.1 Energy-Efficient Light Sources and Lighting Technology -- 3.2.2.2 Lighting Management -- 3.2.3 Recommendations -- 3.3 Electric Drives -- 3.3.1 Basics -- 3.3.2 The Economic Efficiency of Drive Systems -- 3.3.3 Measures -- 3.3.3.1 Optimising the Efficiency of the e-Machine -- 3.3.3.2 Optimising the Efficiency of the Drive System -- 3.3.4 Recommendations -- 3.4 Fans -- 3.4.1 Basics -- 3.4.2 Measures -- 3.4.2.1 Correct Dimensioning -- Example: Renovation of the Ventilation System in Wiesbaden Castle (Müller 2014) -- 3.4.2.2 Use of Efficient Fans -- 3.4.2.3 Speed Adjustment -- 3.4.2.4 Maintaining Performance Through Maintenance -- 3.4.3 Recommendations -- 3.5 Pumps -- 3.5.1 Basics -- 3.5.2 Measures -- 3.5.2.1 Dimensioning the Pump -- Example: Energy Saving by Adapting a Pump Impeller.

In Nigeria, there is an estimated deficit of 17 million housing units. Power supply is insufficient, and the electricity supply for about 60 million Nigerians relies on private generators, causing noise, pollution, and high expenditures for mainly imported fuel. Altogether, current challenges clearly demonstrate the need for effective energy efficiency policies targeting also the building sector. The Nigerian Energy Support Program began in 2013, among others, with the objective being to support the Nigerian Government in developing the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code. This paper presents two preparatory activities carried out in order to come up with suggestions for a legal framework well suited for the situation on the ground: the Case Study Building Analysis carried out in collaboration with a Nigerian developer and the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Guideline, elaborated together with stakeholders. The results of preparatory activities pointed out that the code must put emphasis on climate adaptive design and must define requirements and procedures in a clear and simple way to allow for effective enforcement. Only then can energy-efficient mass housing be feasible in Nigeria. The paper concludes with a description of the Nigerian Building Energy Efficiency Code (BEEC), officially approved and launched by the Federal Minister of Power, Works and Housing on 29 August 2017.

The success of energy efficiency projects is often reported on an anecdotal basis relying on successful case studies. That information is important, in particular to show technological progress. Still, those highlight projects do not represent the vast majority of energy efficiency projects implemented by the market. Within the publicly available database DEEP, technological and economic data from over 10,000 energy efficiency projects has been collected by a project consortium on behalf of the European Commission. Half of them are production related industry projects. The other half comprises building projects of which a third has been implemented in the industry, too. The database covers projects from the European Union as well as the United States. In our paper, we will present an analysis of the industrial projects in the DEEP database, showing payback, avoidance costs and savings of the implemented energy efficiency measures. We will consider influencing factors such as company size, sector, type of measure and country. With our analysis, we can show in detail that cost-efficient measures exist for a broad technological scope.

Housing is at the core of the European Union's prosperity as it is important to achieve energy saving targets and to combat climate change whilst contributing to energy saving and security. During the programming period 2007–2013, the European Union Cohesion Policy has started playinga new and important role in the process of supporting investments into energy efficiency measures in the housing sector. The increasing need for effective renovation of housing stock, which was constructed in the period when energy resources were cheap, is most notable in Central and Eastern Europe. The use of the European Union fund for the renovation of housing stock in Lithuania servers as a basis for assessing the impact of such investments on energy saving, natural gas import and greenhouse gas emissions.

Housing is at the core of the European Union's prosperity as it is important to achieve energy saving targets and to combat climate change whilst contributing to energy saving and security. During the programming period 2007–2013, the European Union Cohesion Policy has started playinga new and important role in the process of supporting investments into energy efficiency measures in the housing sector. The increasing need for effective renovation of housing stock, which was constructed in the period when energy resources were cheap, is most notable in Central and Eastern Europe. The use of the European Union fund for the renovation of housing stock in Lithuania servers as a basis for assessing the impact of such investments on energy saving, natural gas import and greenhouse gas emissions.