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The article suggests that in recent years, the problem of business ethics has come to the fore in the political and business life of many countries and has become a topic of debate in international organizations, and that governments are naturally worried about an apparent decline in the ethical standards of big business. It is argued that a number of considerations point to the emergence of new kinds of threats jeopardizing not only the interests of private business, but also the financial and economic security of entire states and the international community as a whole. These new threats are each explored in turn, including the abuse of offshore zones for the purpose of tax evasion and for criminal and terrorist purposes; insider trading; tax evasion with the use of gray, semi-legal schemes; and violations of the written and unwritten rules of business by investment and pension funds. The already evident costs of these threats are estimated, and a list is of concrete measures, which can be taken by the international community to meet the new challenges, is provided in conclusion.

The ethics of presidents are best understood by looking at the standards they create for those who work for them or the standards that are forced on them by Congress or the courts. Here, an attempt is made to remove the radical distinction between normative values & ethical codes that dominates research in this area. Offered in place is a more interesting approach that views codes, executive orders, & ethics systems as ethical metaphors that attempt to capture what presidents think public service is about. Focus is on the expansion of ethical standards for public officials. 2 Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Corbett reviews 'Ethnics and Political Practice: Perspectives on Legislative Ethics' edited by Noel Preston and Charles Sampford.

Emphasis is on US covert action; 5 articles. Includes discussion of Indian intervention in South Asia.

There is almost no step in the research process in epidemiology in which ethical issues do not exist. Discussed are the values of scientific rigor, balanced against values concerning the interests of the people under study. Ethical issues in epidemiology are illustrated in the choice of research questions; in the choice of study designs to explore the questions; in the maintenace of confidentiality; in obtaining the participation of populations; in experimental studies; & in giving or withdrawing treatment. Institutional controls on research exact a price. They limit scientific study in various ways. Scientists' concerns are not always in harmony with those of other interest groups; but scientists must appeal to policymakers to temper controls on research with a regard for the scientific ideal of free inquiry. Modified HA.