Master's thesis analyzed the free-trade agreements between the EU and third countries, trade between the investigated structure and changes in the 2000 - 2010 period. The first part, a theoretical analysis of the context of liberalization starting in Europe, and this idea of development, preferential agreements įpatybės world without Europe. It is also theoretically considered a free-trade agreements on parties. The second part deals with the EU and Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and P. Korea free-trade structure and change, in addition to evaluating the impact of the economic activity of countries. The third part of Lithuania and analyzed by third parties for marketing and strategic development of the EU in the world.
Master's thesis analyzed the free-trade agreements between the EU and third countries, trade between the investigated structure and changes in the 2000 - 2010 period. The first part, a theoretical analysis of the context of liberalization starting in Europe, and this idea of development, preferential agreements įpatybės world without Europe. It is also theoretically considered a free-trade agreements on parties. The second part deals with the EU and Mexico, Chile, South Africa, and P. Korea free-trade structure and change, in addition to evaluating the impact of the economic activity of countries. The third part of Lithuania and analyzed by third parties for marketing and strategic development of the EU in the world.
Companies seeking to secure their competitive advantage in a present competitive environment use legal instruments that are provided by the legislator – they register patents, secure commercial secrets, assure that employees obtaining confidential information would not be tempted by competitors while being employed in the company or after the termination of the employment relations. All this allows to secure commercial achievements, investments in intellectual capital of the company, protection of relations and contractual conditions with suppliers and sellers
Companies seeking to secure their competitive advantage in a present competitive environment use legal instruments that are provided by the legislator – they register patents, secure commercial secrets, assure that employees obtaining confidential information would not be tempted by competitors while being employed in the company or after the termination of the employment relations. All this allows to secure commercial achievements, investments in intellectual capital of the company, protection of relations and contractual conditions with suppliers and sellers
Two recent events had a tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry. First of them was Lithuanian EU membership and entrance to the single market, the second one being the final abolition of quantitative restrictions in the sector from the beginning of 2005. The outcomes of the first event are less significant as tariffs in trade with the EU were removed in line with the bilateral free trade agreement concluded long before Lithuanian EU membership. The EU membership resulted in more changes in the trade regime with the third countries. Before membership Lithuania applied only a few restrictions while the EU common trade policy envisaged the application of both quantitative restrictions and tariffs. A more tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry had the abolition of quotas which affected to a less extent Lithuanian market and to a larger extent the EU market where 90% of Lithuanian sector exports are supplied. The purpose of the article was to explore the situation in the sector after these two major events, to identify the problems and to disclose the prospects for the development of the sector in the light of new challenges and to look for the possibilities to increase and diversify the sector's exports. Lithuania is one of the EU countries most specialized in the textile and apparel sector. In 2004, the sector produced 13.8% of manufacturing value added and exported 11.6% of the total Lithuanian exports. 63% of the sector's exports are apparel exports. 80% of the sector's output is assigned for export. The abolition of quantitative restrictions and application of low tariffs for textile and apparel products for imports from third countries have caused severe problems in competition with imports from China and other countries of cheap labour. The textile subsector was growing steadily until 2003, however, since January 2005, when quotas were abolished, textile outputs are shrinking.
Two recent events had a tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry. First of them was Lithuanian EU membership and entrance to the single market, the second one being the final abolition of quantitative restrictions in the sector from the beginning of 2005. The outcomes of the first event are less significant as tariffs in trade with the EU were removed in line with the bilateral free trade agreement concluded long before Lithuanian EU membership. The EU membership resulted in more changes in the trade regime with the third countries. Before membership Lithuania applied only a few restrictions while the EU common trade policy envisaged the application of both quantitative restrictions and tariffs. A more tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry had the abolition of quotas which affected to a less extent Lithuanian market and to a larger extent the EU market where 90% of Lithuanian sector exports are supplied. The purpose of the article was to explore the situation in the sector after these two major events, to identify the problems and to disclose the prospects for the development of the sector in the light of new challenges and to look for the possibilities to increase and diversify the sector's exports. Lithuania is one of the EU countries most specialized in the textile and apparel sector. In 2004, the sector produced 13.8% of manufacturing value added and exported 11.6% of the total Lithuanian exports. 63% of the sector's exports are apparel exports. 80% of the sector's output is assigned for export. The abolition of quantitative restrictions and application of low tariffs for textile and apparel products for imports from third countries have caused severe problems in competition with imports from China and other countries of cheap labour. The textile subsector was growing steadily until 2003, however, since January 2005, when quotas were abolished, textile outputs are shrinking.
Two recent events had a tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry. First of them was Lithuanian EU membership and entrance to the single market, the second one being the final abolition of quantitative restrictions in the sector from the beginning of 2005. The outcomes of the first event are less significant as tariffs in trade with the EU were removed in line with the bilateral free trade agreement concluded long before Lithuanian EU membership. The EU membership resulted in more changes in the trade regime with the third countries. Before membership Lithuania applied only a few restrictions while the EU common trade policy envisaged the application of both quantitative restrictions and tariffs. A more tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry had the abolition of quotas which affected to a less extent Lithuanian market and to a larger extent the EU market where 90% of Lithuanian sector exports are supplied. The purpose of the article was to explore the situation in the sector after these two major events, to identify the problems and to disclose the prospects for the development of the sector in the light of new challenges and to look for the possibilities to increase and diversify the sector's exports. Lithuania is one of the EU countries most specialized in the textile and apparel sector. In 2004, the sector produced 13.8% of manufacturing value added and exported 11.6% of the total Lithuanian exports. 63% of the sector's exports are apparel exports. 80% of the sector's output is assigned for export. The abolition of quantitative restrictions and application of low tariffs for textile and apparel products for imports from third countries have caused severe problems in competition with imports from China and other countries of cheap labour. The textile subsector was growing steadily until 2003, however, since January 2005, when quotas were abolished, textile outputs are shrinking.
Two recent events had a tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry. First of them was Lithuanian EU membership and entrance to the single market, the second one being the final abolition of quantitative restrictions in the sector from the beginning of 2005. The outcomes of the first event are less significant as tariffs in trade with the EU were removed in line with the bilateral free trade agreement concluded long before Lithuanian EU membership. The EU membership resulted in more changes in the trade regime with the third countries. Before membership Lithuania applied only a few restrictions while the EU common trade policy envisaged the application of both quantitative restrictions and tariffs. A more tangible impact on Lithuanian textile and apparel industry had the abolition of quotas which affected to a less extent Lithuanian market and to a larger extent the EU market where 90% of Lithuanian sector exports are supplied. The purpose of the article was to explore the situation in the sector after these two major events, to identify the problems and to disclose the prospects for the development of the sector in the light of new challenges and to look for the possibilities to increase and diversify the sector's exports. Lithuania is one of the EU countries most specialized in the textile and apparel sector. In 2004, the sector produced 13.8% of manufacturing value added and exported 11.6% of the total Lithuanian exports. 63% of the sector's exports are apparel exports. 80% of the sector's output is assigned for export. The abolition of quantitative restrictions and application of low tariffs for textile and apparel products for imports from third countries have caused severe problems in competition with imports from China and other countries of cheap labour. The textile subsector was growing steadily until 2003, however, since January 2005, when quotas were abolished, textile outputs are shrinking.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
This article discusses a relevant topic in Lithuania's contract law – the conception of public contract and its development. Due to the analysis of various laws, doctrine and precedents, the article provides with coherent understanding about agreements for public purchase and utility services as well as their evolution in the Lithuanian law system. It is needful to stress that the debates on State involvement in the modern market and its participation in the economy and society are still up to date, due to it this article examines what is the proper degree of state intervention in commercial relationship and what type of legislation would be beneficial for both – supplier and consumer. The most important principle in contract law – freedom of contract, which is a cornerstone of wealth maximization, is also discussed in this article. Futhermore, with a purpose to reveal the state's attitude to the intersection of this principle and public interest, the examination of relationship between public interest and freedom of contract is presented. The article also examines the EU competition law policy and legislation in controlling the business with a dominant market power, as well as assuring the social welfare of other party and consumers. What is more, the clear comparison of Lithuania's and other countries' governmental regulation on public or administrative contracts is also provided here. Finally, the author puts forward some conclusions on key questions of public contracts and it usefulness for Lithuania's law system.
The master thesis "Void Arbitration Agreement" analyses the recognition of void arbitration agreement in accordance with case law as well as international and national legislation. The purpose of the master thesis is to evaluate the legislation in force, drawing attention to the fundamental theoretical and practical problems of void arbitration agreement, and to propose possible solutions. Compared to Western Europe, the United States and Canada, arbitration as a method of dispute resolution in Lithuania is not as popular. It is however growing in popularity amongst commercial entities as alternative method of dispute resolution. It is known that a valid arbitration agreement is required when trying to achieve dispute resolution in arbitration regardless of whether the arbitration is international or local, ad hoc or institutional. Moreover, the void arbitration agreement is one of the grounds of setting aside the arbitral award or refusing the recognition or enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. In order to analyse the issue of invalidity of arbitration agreement further, the master thesis is divided into four parts. The first and second parts of the thesis are more theoretical in nature. They focus on the problems of interpretation and application of the notion of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, they discuss the most important principles and categories of the arbitration agreement. The institute of nullity of a contract and the differences between absolutely voidable (null) and relatively voidable (disputable) contracts are also investigated. In the third and fourth parts the author analyses in detail such grounds of invalidity of the arbitration agreement as non-arbitrability of the dispute, incapacity of the parties of the arbitration agreement, defective form and content of the arbitration agreement. Moreover, the principle of the autonomy of the arbitration clause in relation to the main contract and the impact of nullity of main contract on the validity of arbitration agreement is analysed. And then to complete the master thesis an exhaustive analysis of Lithuanian case law and the application and interpretation of current legislation by the courts follows. The fourth part specifically focuses on the challenges faced to validate the arbitration agreement in the arbitration and the national court. In summary, the analysis of the legislation and case law reveals that Lithuanian courts regularly apply the principle in favor contractus to the validity of arbitration agreement. However, some contradictions of the case law can be seen; the legislation on arbitration agreement is not always applied in consistent and uniform way. In conclusion, some recommendations on the improvement of the existing legislation and solving practical problems are provided.
The master thesis "Void Arbitration Agreement" analyses the recognition of void arbitration agreement in accordance with case law as well as international and national legislation. The purpose of the master thesis is to evaluate the legislation in force, drawing attention to the fundamental theoretical and practical problems of void arbitration agreement, and to propose possible solutions. Compared to Western Europe, the United States and Canada, arbitration as a method of dispute resolution in Lithuania is not as popular. It is however growing in popularity amongst commercial entities as alternative method of dispute resolution. It is known that a valid arbitration agreement is required when trying to achieve dispute resolution in arbitration regardless of whether the arbitration is international or local, ad hoc or institutional. Moreover, the void arbitration agreement is one of the grounds of setting aside the arbitral award or refusing the recognition or enforcement of the foreign arbitral award. In order to analyse the issue of invalidity of arbitration agreement further, the master thesis is divided into four parts. The first and second parts of the thesis are more theoretical in nature. They focus on the problems of interpretation and application of the notion of the arbitration agreement. Furthermore, they discuss the most important principles and categories of the arbitration agreement. The institute of nullity of a contract and the differences between absolutely voidable (null) and relatively voidable (disputable) contracts are also investigated. In the third and fourth parts the author analyses in detail such grounds of invalidity of the arbitration agreement as non-arbitrability of the dispute, incapacity of the parties of the arbitration agreement, defective form and content of the arbitration agreement. Moreover, the principle of the autonomy of the arbitration clause in relation to the main contract and the impact of nullity of main contract on the validity of arbitration agreement is analysed. And then to complete the master thesis an exhaustive analysis of Lithuanian case law and the application and interpretation of current legislation by the courts follows. The fourth part specifically focuses on the challenges faced to validate the arbitration agreement in the arbitration and the national court. In summary, the analysis of the legislation and case law reveals that Lithuanian courts regularly apply the principle in favor contractus to the validity of arbitration agreement. However, some contradictions of the case law can be seen; the legislation on arbitration agreement is not always applied in consistent and uniform way. In conclusion, some recommendations on the improvement of the existing legislation and solving practical problems are provided.
For each subject of business relationship is important to know the subject of the arbitration agreement validity / invalidity factors and the regulatory environment of the arbitration agreement and the arbitration process enshrined in the national law. Taking into consideration the active debates of national legal community on the proposals for the Republic of Lithuania Commercial Arbitration Law submitted to the Lithuanian Parliament, the purpose of this work is to analyze and determine the regulation stipulated in the Republic of Lithuania Law on Commercial Arbitration including the arbitration agreement form and content requirements and the regulatory and practical application in the legal practice of the Republic of Lithuania compared to the foreign legal practice containing deep traditions of the arbitration proceedings within them. This research is intended to assess whether current regulatory determined in the Republic of Lithuania Law on Commercial Arbitration correspond with actual local and international business relations and foreign modern regulatory framework regarding arbitration agreement application. The main research objects of this work are major legal backgrounds of the arbitration agreement invalidity which are stipulated in the Republic of Lithuania Law on Commercial Arbitration. However the definition of the research object is exclusively related to the evaluation of substantive law only and because of this the procedural matters of arbitration agreement invalidity will not be analyzed.
