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Transcript of papers on the various dimensions of women empowerment in India presented at a two day national seminar titled, Gender Disparity and Women's Security organized by faculty of Social Science, Banaras Hindu University, during 12-13 March 2015

Theatre for Development (TfD) is a process whereby the community uses theatre, especially African traditional theatre forms, to address their development issues. In Tanzania, TfD came as a result of many factors; poor communication approaches used by the state in addressing development in the late 1970s, the economic crisis of the 1970s, the implementation of IMF and World Bank pressure to adopt Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) among others. Liberal policies imposed mostly from Euro-America proposed non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to replace the state in addressing development, as they were perceived to be more democratic and less authoritative. Most of the supported activities of NGOs became those linked to development or that are in the position to bring about development in the fields of health, sanitation, education, gender, and democracy. Therefore, even theatre that was supported by donors was linked to or addressed 'development'. In most cases, funding institutions have their own objectives, missions, and goals to fulfil. This paper tries to question the role of TfD in present Tanzania. It argues that, since most of the TfD projects have been funded by foreign donors and communities have no economic control of their own development concerns, it is clear that TfD is playing a double deal, community empowerment on the one hand and disempowerment on the other.

Ko ngā muka oÿ te rino : threads of the two-stranded rope / Rhonda Powell, Elisabeth McDonald, Māmari Stephens and Rosemary Hunter -- Law in Aotearoa New Zealand / Māmari Stephens and Rhonda Powell -- Introducing the feminist and mana wahine judgments / Rosemary Hunter, Māmari Stephens, Elisabeth McDonald and Rhonda Powell -- Taylor v Attorney General [2015] NZHC 1706, commentary : disengaging the disengaged / Margaret Wilson and Julia Amua Whaipooti, judgment : Mihiata Pirini and Lisa Yarwood -- Brooker v Police [2007] NZSC 307, commentary : rights balancing rejected / Ursula Cheer, judgment : Janet McLean -- Ruka v Department of Social Welfare [1997] 1 NZLR 154, commentary : defining a relationship for the purposes of state support / Catriona MacLennan, judgment : Māmari Stephens -- Lawson v Housing New Zealand [1997] 2 NZLR 474, commentary : state housing, market rents and families facing eviction / Dean R Knight, judgment : Natalie Baird -- Seales v Attorney-General [2015] NZHC 1239, commentary : the potential interface of gender and vulnerability in legal contexts / Kate Diesfeld, judgment : Joanna Manning -- Hallagan v Medical Council of New Zealand HC Wellington CIV-2010-485-222, 2 December 2010, commentary : whose choice, whose conscience? / Colin Gavaghan, judgment : Rhonda Powell -- Re W [PPPR] ('Re Williams[PPPR]') (1993) 11 FRNZ 108, commentary : caring for the pregnant woman / Rosemary Hunter, judgment : Holly Hedley -- Quilter v Attorney General [1997] NZCA 207, commentary : same-sex marriage and the Marriage Act / Wendy Aldred, judgment : Clare Abaffy -- Amo'h v Ajo'h (Caldwell v Caldwell) [2010] NZFC 48, commentary : the case of the missing woman / Erin Ebborn, judgment: Ruth Ballantyne -- V v V [2002] NZFLR 1105, commentary : a fair share of the pavlova? / Vivienne Crawshaw and Khyati Shah, judgment : John Adams -- Lankow v Rose [1995] 1 NZLR 277, commentary : property division on the breakdown of a de facto relationship : the search for a just outcome / Nicola Peart and Kyla Mullen, judgment : Mark Bennett -- Director of Human Rights Proceedings v Goodrum [2002] NZHRRT 13, commentary : the challenge of proving discrimination in the face of bias and gender stereotyping / Sam Bookman and Gayathiri Ganeshan, judgment : Selene Mize -- Air Nelson v C [2011] NZCA 466, commentary : she said, he said, from myth to reality / Annick Masselot, judgment : Jenny Catran and Martha Coleman -- Stephens v Barron [2014] NZCA 82, commentary : should company law principles affect duty of care analysis? / Liesle Theron, judgment : Victoria Stace -- Bruce v Edwards [2002] NZCA 294, commentary : taonga tuku iho, the generational treasure of land / Jacinta Ruru, judgment : Kerensa Johnston and Mariah Hori Te Pa -- Waipapakura v Hempton (1914) 33 NZLR 1065, commentary : whitebait for the people / John Dawson, judgment : Emma Gattey -- Squid Fishery Management Company Ltd v Minister of Fisheries (CA39/04, 7 April 2004), commentary : an ecofeminist approach to the impact of fisheries on sea lion mortality / Joanna Mossop, judgment: Nicola Wheen -- West Coast Ent Inc v Buller Coal Lltd [2013] NZSC 87, commentary : broadening an ethic of care to recognise responsibility for climate change / Catherine Iorns, judgment : Estair van Wagner -- R v S [2015] NZHC 801, commentary : reasonable grounds to believe an unconscious woman is consenting? : the relevance of advance consent / Elisabeth McDonald, judgment : Paulette Benton-Greig -- R v Sturm [2004] 1 NZLR 570, commentary : "well, what did you think would happen?" / Cassandra Mudgway, judgment : Sarah Croskery-Hewitt -- Vuletich v R [2010] NZCA 102, commentary : when is sexual violence against adults unusual? : the admissibility of propensity evidence / Elisabeth McDonald, judgment: Carissa Cross -- Police v Kawiti [2000] 1 NZLR 117, commentary : Kāwiti at the centre / Julia Tolmie and Khylee Quince, judgment : Khylee Quince and Julia Tolmie -- R v Wang [1990] 2 NZLR 529, commentary : finding a plausible and credible narrative of self-defence / Lexie Kirkconnell-Kawana and Alarna Sharratt, judgment : Brenda Midson -- R v Te Tomo [2012] NZHC 71, commentary : the truth about sentencing Maori women : giving context to the meaning of mana wahine / Linda Hasan-Stein and Valmaine Toki, judgment : Valmaine Toki -- R v Taueki [2005] NZCA 174, commentary : sentencing guidelines for domestic violence : the missing factors / Yvette Tinsley, judgment : Frances Gourlay.

How the World Changed Social Media is the first book in Why We Post, a book series that investigates the findings of anthropologists who each spent 15 months living in communities across the world. This book offers a comparative analysis summarising the results of the research and explores the impact of social media on politics and gender, education and commerce. What is the result of the increased emphasis on visual communication? Are we becoming more individual or more social? Why is public social media so conservative? Why does equality online fail to shift inequality offline? How did memes become the moral police of the internet?

Supported by an introduction to the project's academic framework and theoretical terms that help to account for the findings, the book argues that the only way to appreciate and understand something as intimate and ubiquitous as social media is to be immersed in the lives of the people who post. Only then can we discover how people all around the world have already transformed social media in such unexpected ways and assess the consequences. - दुनिया ने जैसे सामाजिक मीडिया को बदल दिया, हम क्यों पोस्ट करते हैं ग्रन्थ श्रृंखला का पहला ग्रन्थ है जो उन नौ मानवविज्ञानियों के निष्कर्षों पर जाँच करता है जिन्होंने दुनिया भर के समूहों में १५ महीने तक बिताया जिसमे शामिल है ब्राज़ील, चिली, चीन, इंग्लैंड, भारत, इटली, ट्रिनिडाड और टर्की. यह ग्रन्थ एक तुलनात्मक विश्लेषण को प्रदान करता है जो अनुसंधान के परिणाम को संक्षेप में प्रस्तुत करता है और राजनीति और लिंग, शिक्षा और व्यापार पर सामाजिक मीडिया के प्रभाव का पता लगाता है. दृश्य संचार पर बढ़ते हुए ज़ोर का परिणाम क्या है? क्या हम अधिक व्यक्तिगत या सामाजिक बनते हैं? क्यों सार्वजनिक सामाजिक मीडिया अधिक रूढ़िवादी होता है? क्यों ऑनलाइन समानता ऑफलाइन असमानता को बदलने में असफल होता है? कैसे मिमी इंटरनेट के नैतिक पुलिस बन गए?

परियोजना के शैक्षिक ढाँचा और सैद्धांतिक शर्तों, जो निष्कर्षों के उत्तरदायी होने में मदद करते हैं, के परिचय से समर्थित होकर यह ग्रन्थ तर्क करता है कि सामाजिक मीडिया जैसे अन्तरंग और सर्वव्यापक वास्तु को समझने और मूल्यांकन करने का एक ही रास्ता पोस्ट करनेवाले लोगों के जीवन में तल्लीन होकर रहना है. तभी हम पता लगा सकते हैं कि दुनिया भर के लोगों ने जैसे सामाजिक मीडिया को अभी तक अप्रत्याशित तरीकों से बदल दिया हैं और उनके परिणाम पर आकलन कर सकते हैं.

One of the first ethnographic studies to explore use of social media in the everyday lives of people in Tamil Nadu, Social Media in South India provides an understanding of this subject in a region experiencing rapid transformation. The influx of IT companies over the past decade into what was once a space dominated by agriculture has resulted in a complex juxtaposition between an evolving knowledge economy and the traditions of rural life. While certain class tensions have emerged in response to this juxtaposition, a study of social media in the region suggests that similarities have also transpired, observed most clearly in the blurring of boundaries between work and life for both the old residents and the new.

Venkatraman explores the impact of social media at home, work and school, and analyses the influence of class, caste, age and gender on how, and which, social media platforms are used in different contexts. These factors, he argues, have a significant effect on social media use, suggesting that social media in South India, while seeming to induce societal change, actually remains bound by local traditions and practices. - दक्षिण भारत पर सामाजिक मीडिया, जो तमिलनाडु में लोगों के दैनिक जीवन में सामाजिक मीडिया के उपयोग पर अन्वेषण करनेवाले पहले के नृवंशवैज्ञानिक अध्ययनों पर एक है, तेज़ी परिवर्तन का अनुभव करनेवाले एक क्षेत्र में इस विषय का ज्ञान प्रदान करता है. जो एक समय कृषि से हावी किया गया था, उस क्षेत्र पर पिछले दशक में आईटी कंपनियों का प्रवेश, एक उद्विकासी ज्ञान अर्थव्यवस्था और ग्रामीण जीवन की परिपाटी के बीच एक जटिल मुकाबला का कारण बन गया है. जबकि इस मुकाबले के उत्तरक्रिया के रूप में कुछ वर्गीय तनाव प्रकट हुए हैं, इस क्षेत्र के सामाजिक मीडिया पर अध्ययन इसका प्रस्ताव करता है कि समरूपता का भी पता चलता है, जो पुराने और नए निवासियों के काम और जीवन की सीमाओं के धुंधुला होने से अधिक स्पष्ट रूप से अवलोकन किया जाता है.

वेंकटरामन घर, काम और स्कूल पर सामाजिक मीडिया के प्रभाव पर अन्वेषण करते हैं और वर्ग, जाति, उम्र और लिंग के प्रभाव पर इसका विश्लेशण करते हैं कि जैसे और जो सामाजिक मीडिया के मंच विभिन्न सन्दर्भों पर उपयोग किये जाते हैं. वे ऐसा तर्क करते हैं कि ये कारक के सामाजिक मीडिया के उपयोग पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव होता है और इसका प्रस्ताव करते हैं दक्षिण भारत में सामाजिक मीडिया, यद्यपि सामाजिक परिवर्तन को प्रेरित करने लगता है, वास्तव में सामाजिक परिपाटी और प्रयोग से सीमित हैं.