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This article seeks to reintroduce discussions on gender relations in politics back into scholarly and political debate. Many countries have adopted gender quotas, but it is unclear whether their implementation has meaningfully changed the prevalent inequalities governing gender relations in politics. This article considers whether the implementation of gender quotas could promote change, and assesses this change with reference to five criteria formerly used to assess the strategy of gender mainstreaming. These are a shift towards a more comprehensive concept of gender equality; the incorporation of a gender perspective intersected with other inequalities in mainstream politics; equal political representation; organizational changes in selection and recruitment mechanisms as well as the functioning of politics; and, finally, the displacement of hierarchies, and the empowerment of subjects. Reflection on and empirical illustrations of gender quotas with regard to these criteria reveal a mixed picture, demonstrating the need to reintroduce discussions about gender equality within politics back into gender quota debates. This discussion will not focus on the legitimacy of or need for gender quotas, but on how their implementation can contribute to the improvement of gender relations in politics beyond a quantitative sense. Approaching gender quotas through the use of criteria devised for assessing the gender mainstreaming strategy is helpful in exploring the potential of gender quotas in the transformation of gender relations.

For more than a decade, the evolution of the word "gender" and its accompanying discourse have become increasingly important to intellectual debates and practice. the term was initially used in a grammatical arena to identify masculine, feminine and neutral words. however, the term has changed since the second half of the XX Century given the increasing use in other fields, often replacing the word sex, traditionally used to distinguish the human male-female duality. this fact is evident in contemporary anthropological, social, political and legal discourse. and although the word "gender" does not have a positive or negative meaning per se, its many interpretations are fairly problematic. two interpretations stand out today: "gender perspective" and "gender ideology." ; For more than a decade, the evolution of the word "gender" and its accompanying discourse have become increasingly important to intellectual debates and practice. the term was initially used in a grammatical arena to identify masculine, feminine and neutral words. however, the term has changed since the second half of the XX Century given the increasing use in other fields, often replacing the word sex, traditionally used to distinguish the human male-female duality. this fact is evident in contemporary anthropological, social, political and legal discourse. and although the word "gender" does not have a positive or negative meaning per se, its many interpretations are fairly problematic. two interpretations stand out today: "gender perspective" and "gender ideology."

En la IV Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer de Naciones Unidas se introduce el principio de transversalidad como nueva estrategia en las políticas públicas de igualdad. Para hacer de la igualdad eje de todas las políticas en el Estado español se adoptó la Ley 30/2003, de 13 de octubre, sobre medidas para incorporar la valoración del impacto de género en las disposiciones normativas que elaborara el Gobierno. Surge así la voz impacto de género que trataremos de definir en este artículo, así como su desarrollo y aplicación. La obligatoriedad de elaborar informes de impacto de género en las disposiciones normativas se mostraba como una herramienta idónea para desarrollar la transversalidad en todas las políticas, sin embargo, los análisis sobre la implementación de esta Ley han demostrado que la carencia de una metodología específica ha limitado sus potenciales efectos. Se espera que la regulación que establece el Real Decreto 1083/2009 y su posterior actualización permita una mejor aplicación. ; The principle of mainstreaming was presented as a new strategy in equality policies at the IV United Nations World Conference on Women. To apply mainstreaming, the government of the Spanish State adopted Law 30/2003, of October 13, on measures to incorporate the assessment of gender impact in the regulatory provisions prepared by the Government. With this Law the concept of gender impact appears. This article will describe what gender impact assessment is and how its application has evolved. The obligation to prepare gender impact reports is an ideal tool to develop mainstreaming in all public policies, however, the lack of a specific methodology to carry out these evaluations has made it difficult to carry them out.

This paper analyzes the features of formation of the deputy corps of the representative bodies in Tatarstan with an emphasis on gender. In the focus of the study were the election campaign of the President of Tatarstan and the federal, regional and local elections. The conclusion is made about a not enough developed gender-sensitive policy in the republic.
Оксана Красильникова; Красильникова, Оксана

This volume brings together approaches to, and perspectives on, English, Spanish, and Galician language, literature, and culture from the fields of women's, gender, and queer studies. As its title reflects, the book adopts an inclusive attitude to the so-called "others" present in these fields. Since queer theory first appeared in academia, its influence has been notorious within both women's and genders. As such, it is vital to "queer" academia so that it re-conceptualises its foundations; indeed, the contributions here serve to alter the reader's consciousness of the terms "woman" and "gender".The first chapters concern the field of discourse analysis. Two discuss the written work of female scientists in the Late Modern Era and their role in society. Another deals with women's political discourse in South America. In the following section on literature, the contributors question the current heteronormative and androcentric ways of reading texts. The works on culture study contemporary genres, such as video games, video clips, and pieces of news, and take readers away from Europe. The Epilogue draws on the book's intersubjective spirit to propose a dialogue, among multiple disciplines and the people who practise them. As such, the volume reflects the eclectic nature of queer, women's, and gender studies, and their world-wide acceptance by the scholarly community