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Este trabajo desarrollo un análisis de la viabilidad de la gobernación metropolitana en México. Por encima de los planteamientos teóricos enmateria de coordinación y gobernanza, aparecen limitantes de facto que hacen imposible la gobernación metropolitana. La argumentación se basa en la dificultad de alinear intereses, nosólo entre las unidades territoriales, sino también entre las agendas políticas de los actores que participan. El planteamiento teórico se contrasta con la construcción de una institucionalidad metropolitana en Guadalajara. La conclusión es que se requiere de un planteamiento que garantice la obligatoriedad de la coordinación y subordine los intereses de los funcionarios al interés general metropolitano.

La categoría poderes fácticos se ha convertido en un vocablo de moda. Más allá de las diferencias observables entre los intereses periodísticos, académicos o políticos con que los autores se aproximan al tema, este artículo considera que es posible apreciar que la problemática se encuentra indisolublemente vinculada con el tema de la democracia, específicamente con aspectos relacionados con su viabilidad y gobernabilidad. En esta perspectiva analítica y contextual -poderes fácticos, democracia y gobernabilidad- se inscribe el presente trabajo. Dado que la categoría no es usada de manera unívoca, luego de establecer algunas diferencias entre los denominados grupos de interés, grupos de presión y los poderes fácticos, el autor delinea la indispensable caracterización de aquellos actores sociales emergentes con capacidad de disputar el poder a las instituciones formales y analiza la particular configuración de los medios de comunicación.

The aim of the study was to identify the legal mechanisms for the establishment of e-government and the development of e-governance from the perspective of international law and national legislation of countries where the level of e-governance is very high. Empirical and theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the comparative analysis were used for a comprehensive coverage of the research topic. It is found that the community-oriented principles are the basis for the functioning of e-government with a view to the digital transformation values. The establishment of digital government in different countries with a very high level of e-governance has its own peculiarities related to the status of the national legal framework, institutional capacity and economic development, information policy and information security. It was established that the e-governance should be improved by eliminating the digital gap, raising the level of digital literacy, creating a single competent authority to regulate public e-governance policy, introducing a network system of access to e-government services, and establishing a system for training civil servants on the provision of electronic services. Further research on e-governance may be focused on follow-up study and argumentation in order to determine effective legal tools of its regulation.

International Relations teeters on the edge of an abyss of irrelevance. As an academic pursuit it has become disparate and fragmented. We have ceased to pursue greater clarity in the way that we understand the world around us; moreover, we have failed as agents of change -that is, as purveyors of opinion and proposals about a better and fairer world order. As such, we no longer serve our students and those practitioners who seek our advice. The text outlines why and how International Relations teeters on the edge of an abyss. It offers a proposal for moving beyond the fragmentation and atomization that afflicts international relations. The third part argues that global governance offers an opportunity to return to these questions. Adapted from the source document.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación en torno a la caracterización de las relaciones entre políticos regionales, parti-dos y organizaciones criminales en Colombia. El análisis recurre al concepto de gobernanza criminal y a un enfoque que la asocia con facto-res de índole político. Se adopta una estrategia metodológica basada en la qca (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) y se presentan las res-pectivas evidencias empíricas. Este es un trabajo innovador en Colombia, ya que permite dife-renciar tipos de gestión pública de acuerdo con la incidencia de las organizaciones ilegales en ellas, para el caso de estudio, de los grupos pa-ramilitares que interactuaron con partidos, y facciones partidistas, y las estructuras locales de poder. Entre sus hallazgos están las caracteriza-ciones de este tipo de gestión, la explicación de los factores que la hicieron posible y los efectos que produjeron en la democracia local.

The purpose of the article was to study the experience of self-governance of lawyers in the countries of the European Union EU. On the basis of this material recommendations aimed at improving the advocacy system are provided. Achieving the set goal involved the resolution of the following tasks: a) to reveal the mechanism of functioning of the system of self-government of lawyers in the EU countries and identify its universal features, and; b) to determine the main models of the system of self-government of lawyers in the EU countries. The scope of the study was constituted by public rules, regulated by law, arising in the provision of legal services in the application of the legal profession and the implementation by representatives of its bodies of the right to self-government. The methodological basis of the study consists of general and specific research methods. It is concluded that, the manifestation of the principle of independence of the legal profession and the guarantee of full functioning of the self-governing bodies of bar associations in the EU countries consists in ensuring the freedom of their activities within the legality and its implementation in practice.