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This article tries to analyse & improve the individual-level approaches to the study of public Euroscepticism in Belgium. In recent literature, three approaches focusing on instrumental, cultural & political cues can be distinguished. First, the utilitarian approach associates Euroscepticism with economic interests. Second, the cultural approach draws on cultural attitudes & affective identities. Third, the political approach associates support for European integration with political efficacy & institutional trust. Drawing upon Belgian data from the IntUne Project 2007, the results show that negative evaluations of the benefits of European membership, social distrust in European fellow citizens & institutional distrust in the EU are the most important determinants of Euroscepticism, while education, national attachment, exclusive identity & political powerlessness have a minor impact. Tables, Figures, References. Adapted from the source document.

In the current study of conflicts, dominant visions tend to underline the decisive role of primordial ethnic or religious identities. This primordialist perspective, however, takes attention away from other important causes that contribute to the emergence and perpetuation of conflict, namely deep socioeconomic inequalities between groups. Departing from Sudan's North-South conflict, its origins and the evolution in the conflict resolution and peacebuilding models that culminated with the signature of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, we argue that effective and sustainable peace strategies in Sudan (and elsewhere) imply addressing the more structural inequalities at stake and the deconstruction of simplistic views of the role of ethnicity and religion. Adapted from the source document.

Construções identitárias: nada vem do nada / Eliane Cantarino O'Dwyer -- Nossa Senhora da Conceição e sua proteção à "tapera de preto" designada "terra da pobreza": instâncias de afirmação de uma territorialidade específica / Patrícia Portela Nunes -- O ritual de iniciação do danhono e faccionalismo entre os Xavante de T.I. São Marcos / Paulo S. Delgado -- Tradição, práticas rituais e afirmação étnica entre os Tuxá de Rodelas: uma abordagem da cultura enquanto processo / Ricardo Dantas Borges Salomão -- Dilemas e construções identitárias dos Camba no Brasil: exclusão e interação em Corumbá / Ruth Henrique -- Relações interétnicas: cabo-verdianos & mandjácus / João Silvestre Varela -- Erepecuro-Oriximiná: uma rota em movimento / Andreia Franco Luz -- Castanheiros, remanescentes de quilombo, filhos do Erepecuru / Joyce Silva dos Santos Drumond Linhares -- Identidade étnica em situação de fluxo: o caso dos remanescentes de quilombo em contexto urbano de Oriximiná-Pará / Nathalia S. Klein -- Identidades em movimento: questionamentos acerca de construção de identidades culturais e étnicas em condições contextuais de deslocamentos

European societies have always been multicultural in the most basic sense of the term, which includes the concept of multinational societies. What is new for contemporary European societies is that they are now multicultural in a second sense, insofar as they are poly-ethnic societies. The article argues that it is not the place of the state to privilege certain ethnic groups over others, nor is it the place of the state to define ethnic groups in any manner distinct from how they define themselves. Thus, specific cultural distinctions can neither be manufactured nor ignored. Special attention is given to the British multicultural model, which seeks to maintain & balance the different political & cultural identities & needs of ethnic groups. References. R. Young