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Problem setting. The relevance of our study is due to the excessive popularity of the concept of «socio-cultural identity» as a scientific term and tool for studying the postmodern world. As a concept of socio-humanitarian knowledge, it remains one of the most uncertain and at the same time actively used in modern research for theoretical and practical analysis and typology of socio-cultural processes. Understanding the specifics of socio-cultural identity and its formation in postmodern conditions is one of the most relevant and acute topics of modern science, which can provide a full understanding of the essence of this world. Recent research and publications analysis. Representatives of almost all humanities are involved in the discussion about identity. The fundamental development of the concept of sociocultural identity of the postmodern world is contained in the works of J. Habermas, E. Giddens, E. Erickson, A. Etzioni, M. Castells, F. Cassidy, S. Huntington, E. Smith, F. Fukuyama, W. Hesle and etc. Ukrainian researchers have also contributed to understanding the problem of identity. They have a large number of works that are directly or indirectly related to the phenomenon of identity and have such a wide variety of topics that it is not possible to present it exhaustively. A specific feature of their work is the indepth attention to everything related to the national component of socio-cultural identity. The main result of the accumulation of knowledge about socio-cultural identity by the social sciences and humanities is the understanding that adequate research of this phenomenon is possible only in an interdisciplinary space. The tendency to comprehend identity in science persists and in parallel new directions of research are developing – first of all, it is a study of the social construction of identity in the postmodern era. Paper objective. The purpose of our study is resource of the peculiarities of the transformation of socio-cultural identity as an object and subject of social construction, ...

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of forming of the civilizational identity of Ukrainian citizens. On the example of Jewish identity, the author sheds light on different interpretations of such categories as "identity", "identification", "civilizational identity". The article reveals the essence of the cultural-historical approach to the problem of identity, analyzes the types of collective identity, examines the confessional and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity. The author analyzes different models of Jewish identity, the factors influencing the formation of these models, as well as the dynamics of changes of Jewish identity. The study deals with the philosophical understanding of the phenomenon of civilization identity as a new kind of human identity. The research proves that in the context of transition to a civilization of a new informational nature, not only the socio-cultural reality, but also the key properties of the human personality are transformed. The author considers the components or "bricks" of civilizational identity: attitude to religion, attitude to work, attitude to a state and power, attitude to family, attitude to the environment. The author analyzes the structure of Ukrainian identity. The Maidan conflict with Antimaidan is viewed through ethnic, denominational, linguistic, territorial, historical, geopolitical and value projections. The author argues that this conflict has an inter-civilizational nature. The article reveals the essence of conflicts, argues the position of conflict as an attribute of social being, traces its impact on the processes of social transformation. The causes and conditions of inter-civilizational conflict in the territory of Ukraine are analyzed. The paper compares two models of civilizational identity based on either European or Eurasian value system. The civilizational progress of Ukraine in the context of world modernization is analyzed. The article is not limited by the statement of the problem, it suggests a specific way to minimize the negative consequences of the modern crisis taking into account the changed social realities, can become one of the tools for the revival of the main European values in modern Ukrainian society.

The transformation of spiritual and educational practices in contemporary culture is analyzed. Spirituality is considered as the basis of modern Ukrainian identity. It is proved that Ukrainian post-colonial discourse is not possible without the interaction of the modern and postmodern identity type. This is a critique of the modern and postmodern way of seeing the problem. Cultural and social consequences of the first stage of the information society, the first stage of globalization are: internal fragmentation of the workforce of information producers and the rest; social exclusion of many individuals and entire segments of society. A new stage in the development of identities should consolidate society. It turns out that the dialogic nature of communication forms identity as knowledge of the nature of its own Self, ready to respond to the challenges of the Other, thus not only my identity is formed, but my place in the world, my spirituality, the limits of my values. The modern type of identity is associated with a nation-state, which tries to maximize its influence, the modern type of identity produces a colonial world, where there is a clear division into metropolis and colony, a special type of colonies are internal colonies. In the case of Ukraine, we can see the complex combination of external and internal colonialism, and the particular danger of internal colonialism lies in the fact that it remains unclear to the end who conqueror, but who is subdued. The postmodern identity type in the Slobozhanschyna culture is connected with the rethinking of modernity, it is not so critical, but unifying. Human beings in a globalized world must rely on the renewal of humanistic ideals, a sense of home and security. A new ethics is proposed based on the principles of freedom, democracy and respect for every individuality that extends a new understanding of spirituality in connection with national culture and national outlook.

Problem setting. In modern theoretical (as well as in political) discourse, the concept of «identity» is a very popular subject of study of completely different spheres of scientific knowledge - history, philosophy, sociology, pedagogy, psychology, literary studies, etc. The relevance of the study of the problem of identity in the modern world is conditioned by the situation of multiculturalism, the presence of signs ofasynchronous development of the world, the spread of mosaic and multiple identities. The reason for the author's interest in the chosen topic is also the aggravation of the identification processes in Ukrainian society and the urgent need to preserve the historically conditioned identity. The widespread use in science, in politics, in the media of this concept requires a clear delineation/definition of the defined concept, based on its close connection with the real social and cultural problems of society. Identity research is today an independent and advanced field of knowledge, and the very concept of «identity» has become a prism through which important features of modern life are studied and evaluated. Recent research and publications analysis. The problem of identity has been the subject of analysis in western science since the second half of the 1960s. She was approached by E. H. Ericsson, Y Habermas, E. Fromm and others. In Soviet science, the concept of identity was not used, but in the post-Soviet sociohumanities it was actively studied. The most developed concepts of identity within the post-modern world belong to J. Habermas, E. Erickson, A. Etzioni, M. Castels, S. Huntington, V. Hesle, K. Hübner and others. For the domestic academic community, the problem of identity became urgent since the mid-1990s, when the problem of national identity began to be actively explored in the works of E. Bystritsky, M. Golovaty, E. Glovakha, O. Zabuzhko, V. Stepanenko, V Kremen, V. Tkachenko, M. Ovcharik, L. Nagorny, M. Obushniy, N. Pelagesh, Y. Rimarenko, A. Ponomaryova, M. Popovich, M. Stepiko, M. ...

Is it possible to provide a "philosophical reduction" of extensively proliferating interpretations of the phenomenon of identity in humanities? Could the concept of ethno-cultural form of life serve as the end socio-anthropological correlate of its philosophical understanding through the notions of life-world, culture, a person of culture? Interpreting E. Ericson's, A. Sen's, K.A. Appiah's, A. Maalouf's, N. Sharansky's and some other ideas the article responds in a positive way to the raised questions. At the same time it critisizes a trend of applying cosmopolitan view on the globalization process (A. Sen, J. Habermas) to analysis of the "end grounds" of the identity. The author refers to deliberated hermeneutical study of the "communitas" (Lat.) done by R. Esposito to join his conclusion on "no-thingness" of the "essence" or "communality" of community as identity of a collective subject. Using generalizations of B. Anderson as to "emagined nations" the author develops the view on identity as a way of being in terms of being-possibility, as well as through M. Heidegger's concept of ontological difference. Methodologically, such an approach can help to criticize various forms of reificationistic approaches in political judgments and in everyday life, i.e., under discriminating interpretations of identity through indication of the "negative features of national character", biased reduction of communities and individuals to their bio-anthropological characteristics, etc. ; ***

According to the aim (to identify the features of the connection of fears, phobias, anxiety with self-esteem of adolescence), an empirical study was conducted, in which the respondents were representatives of school and student youth, namely 120 people: 60 students of 10-11 grades (15-17 years) of Vyshhorod comprehensive school No2 and No3. This sample was chosen not by chance. After all, it is in adolescence is the active development and formation of all components of self-awareness, including self-esteem. According to the age periodization of M. Savchyn and L. Vasylenko, adolescence is divided into two groups: representatives of early youth (15-18 years) and late youth (18-23 years) or senior school and student age.

The presented study covers only certain aspects of such a complex phenomenon as self-assessment. As its subject was the socio- psychological features of self-attitude of adolescents and young people, other social and age categories, as well as socio-psychological factors influencing the features of self-attitude, in particular: financial status, degree of self-realization and more.

The study of this problem requires further comprehensive research, because adequate positive self-attitude is the most optimal for the formation and development of personality, determines the achievement of its inner harmony.

In our further study of self-assessment, a promising direction, in our opinion, is to clarify the features of this phenomenon in other age groups. Consideration of the influence of gender on the peculiarities of self-assessment, in this perspective, will be useful in both theoretical and practical aspects.

The features of political interpretation of the concept of «political identity»are analyzed, the principles of essentialistic and constructivistic approaсhes in the research of collective identities are defined, the possibilities of their synthesis are found out. The political identity as an element of social and political reality is considered as contextual and shift phenomenon which causes the constant search for the theoretical foundations of its research in the globalized world. Key words: identity, political identity, sameness, essentialism, promordialism, social constructivism. ; Проаналізовано особливості політологічної інтерпретації концепту «політична ідентичність», визначені принципи есенціалістського і конструктивістського підходів у дослідженні колективних ідентичностей, з'ясовані можливості їх синтезу. Політична ідентичність як елемент соціально-політичної реальності розглядається як явище контекстуальне, змінне, що зумовлює постійний пошук теоретичних засад його вивчення у глобалізованому світі. Ключові слова: ідентичність, політична ідентичність, тотожність, есенціалізм, промордіалізм, соціальний конструктивізм.

This article attempts to analyze the meaning and role of linguistic identity as one of the determining factors of the process of self-awareness, and in particular – of self and identity in terms of transformation of post-totalitarian society.Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of linguistic identity – as a means of self and identity in the process of overcoming the problems and challenges that were posed by the existence of the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union, and – emerged during the Russian terrorist groups occupation of Donbass.Noted that one of the essential features of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, with their tendency to oppression of the human person is erasing all forms of national and personal selfexpression, which prevent the formation of amorphous and homogeneous society dominated by one political force or personality cult. Especially this trend was inherent in the Russian Empire and its original incarnation as the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, which largely inherited despotism and other negative effects of its predecessor. They are not the main unifying idea was to create such an ideology and doctrine that would facilitate the formation of denationalized masses, devoid of national identity, which would be easy to manage.It is noted that the twentieth century brought Ukrainian nation great trials and tragedy, above all - caused the Bolshevik totalitarian power. The latest set out the primary goal of the destruction of national consciousness and identity Ukrainian. Thus, special attention was paid to combating linguistic identity, because it is the most distinguished of the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet population and helped preserve the national consciousness and identity Ukrainian.Overall, it is concluded that for centuries for the Ukrainian language was one of the main means of preservation of identity. Ukrainians have always defend their right to their own language. This issue remains relevant to this day, especially for the Ukrainian of Donbas, who are in a situation where the occupants take away their right to their own language and in every way to destroy everything Ukrainian. It should be noted that Ukrainian of Donbas deliberately subjected to decades of discrimination, and this process continued even in the period of independence, which was one of the factors for the modern Russian occupation of land. ; У статті зроблено спробу проаналізувати значення та роль мовної ідентичності як одного з визначальних факторів процесу самоусвідомлення і, зокрема, самовизначення й самоідентифікації в умовах трансформації посттоталітарного суспільства.Особлива увага приділена характеристиці мовної ідентичності як засобу самовизначення та самоідентифікації в процесі подолання тих проблем і викликів, що були поставлені існуванням тоталітарного режиму в Радянському Союзі, а також проявилися у період окупації частини Донбасу проросійськими терористичними угрупуваннями.Наголошується, що ХХ століття принесло українській нації величезні випробування й трагедії, насамперед спричинені більшовицькою тоталітарною владою. Остання ставила собі за першочергову мету знищення національної свідомості та ідентичності українців. При цьому особлива увага приділялася боротьбі з мовною ідентичністю, адже саме вона найбільше відрізняла українців від решти населення СРСР і сприяла збереженню національної самосвідомості та ідентичності українців. Зроблено висновок, що протягом багатьох століть для українців мова була одним із основних засобів збереження власної ідентичності. Проблема залишається актуальною до цього часу, особливо для українців Донбасу, які потрапили в ситуацію, коли окупанти відбирають у них право на власну мову та всіляко знищують усе українське.

This article attempts to analyze the meaning and role of linguistic identity as one of the determining factors of the process of self-awareness, and in particular – of self and identity in terms of transformation of post-totalitarian society.Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of linguistic identity – as a means of self and identity in the process of overcoming the problems and challenges that were posed by the existence of the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union, and – emerged during the Russian terrorist groups occupation of Donbass.Noted that one of the essential features of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, with their tendency to oppression of the human person is erasing all forms of national and personal selfexpression, which prevent the formation of amorphous and homogeneous society dominated by one political force or personality cult. Especially this trend was inherent in the Russian Empire and its original incarnation as the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, which largely inherited despotism and other negative effects of its predecessor. They are not the main unifying idea was to create such an ideology and doctrine that would facilitate the formation of denationalized masses, devoid of national identity, which would be easy to manage.It is noted that the twentieth century brought Ukrainian nation great trials and tragedy, above all - caused the Bolshevik totalitarian power. The latest set out the primary goal of the destruction of national consciousness and identity Ukrainian. Thus, special attention was paid to combating linguistic identity, because it is the most distinguished of the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet population and helped preserve the national consciousness and identity Ukrainian.Overall, it is concluded that for centuries for the Ukrainian language was one of the main means of preservation of identity. Ukrainians have always defend their right to their own language. This issue remains relevant to this day, especially for the Ukrainian of Donbas, who are in a situation where the occupants take away their right to their own language and in every way to destroy everything Ukrainian. It should be noted that Ukrainian of Donbas deliberately subjected to decades of discrimination, and this process continued even in the period of independence, which was one of the factors for the modern Russian occupation of land. ; У статті зроблено спробу проаналізувати значення та роль мовної ідентичності як одного з визначальних факторів процесу самоусвідомлення і, зокрема, самовизначення й самоідентифікації в умовах трансформації посттоталітарного суспільства.Особлива увага приділена характеристиці мовної ідентичності як засобу самовизначення та самоідентифікації в процесі подолання тих проблем і викликів, що були поставлені існуванням тоталітарного режиму в Радянському Союзі, а також проявилися у період окупації частини Донбасу проросійськими терористичними угрупуваннями.Наголошується, що ХХ століття принесло українській нації величезні випробування й трагедії, насамперед спричинені більшовицькою тоталітарною владою. Остання ставила собі за першочергову мету знищення національної свідомості та ідентичності українців. При цьому особлива увага приділялася боротьбі з мовною ідентичністю, адже саме вона найбільше відрізняла українців від решти населення СРСР і сприяла збереженню національної самосвідомості та ідентичності українців. Зроблено висновок, що протягом багатьох століть для українців мова була одним із основних засобів збереження власної ідентичності. Проблема залишається актуальною до цього часу, особливо для українців Донбасу, які потрапили в ситуацію, коли окупанти відбирають у них право на власну мову та всіляко знищують усе українське.

Problem setting. The Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil is one of the most remoted ethnic entity. Having a difficult history of emigration, Ukrainians have integrated quite well into the life of this country, but still managed to preserve its culture, language and traditions. The study of this phenomenon will help to clarify the conditions and factors that allowed Brazilian Ukrainians not to lose its mental connection with their homeland and to represent its nation with dignity outside Ukraine. Recent research and publications analysis. Various aspects of the phenomenon of the diaspora, as well as its history, place and significance in socio-economic, cultural and political life are studied by the following researchers: M. Astvartatsurova, V. Yevtukh, W. Safran, G. Sheffer and others. Issues of the Brazilian diaspora are considered by: O. Borushenko, I. Zakrevs'ka, I. Sushinska and others. Problems of national (ethnic) identity are the subject of search of such scientists as L. Bielovetska, M. Voronina, S. Sidorenko, E. Smith and others. Paper object. The aim of the article is to study the conditions and factors of preserving the ethnic identity of the Ukrainian diaspora in Brazil, as well as to clarify the role of religion, education, language in its provision. Paper main body. Today, the diaspora can be defined as an ethnic community that arises outside their homeland due to various migrations, and, due to unwillingness (or impossibility) to fully assimilate in non-ethnic societies, retains its ethnic identity (culture, language, traditions, etc.). In order to preserve, reproduce and develop, the diaspora creates certain institutions that consolidate its position and ensure interaction with the country of residence and the country of origin. One of the key features in understanding the diaspora is ethnic identity, which is defined as an individual's identification with a particular nation, awareness of their belonging to a national community based on a set of characteristics (territory, citizenship, language, ...

The author focuses on the issue of diversity of identities in the modern world by demonstrating them on the example of the European Union. Much attention is paid to national, transnational and supranational identity issues within the framework of integration integration. ; Автор роботи зосереджує увагу на питанні різноманітності ідентичностей в сучасному світі демонструючи їх на прикладі Європейського Союзу. Велика увага приділяється питання національної, міжнаціональної та наднаціональної ідентичності в межах інтеграційного об'єднання

Studied, such sciences as philosophy, sociology, cultural studies, political science considering identity in the context of other issues – globalization. However, it is proved, to reduce the growth of urgency to the question of identity merely a process of globalization can not. Indeed, cultural identity belongs to the important stages and processes of cultural organization of each community and is based on the fact hat people – not just mechanical carriers of various needs and interests, but also psychological identity. This is what're quires their combined coexistence. Keywords: the phenomenon of identity, personal identity, identification, identity. ; Досліджено, що такі науки, як філософія, соціологія, культурологія, політологія розглядають питання ідентичності в контексті іншої проблеми – глобалізації. Однак, доведено: зводити зростання актуальності питання ідентичності лишень до одного процесу глобалізації неможна. Адже, культурна ідентичність належить до вагомих етапів та процесів культурного устрою кожної спільноти і ґрунтується на тому, що люди – не тільки механічні носії тих чи інших потреб та інтересів, а й психологічні індивідуальності. Саме це й потребує їхнього об'єднаного співіснування. Ключові слова: феномен ідентичності, персональна ідентичність, ідентифікація, самосвідомість.

The article deals with identity in philosophical and ethical dimensions, and features of modern vision of the nature of identity in social and national dimensions. The concept of identity also considered in connection with the peculiarities of its representation in the Ukrainian community. The authors believe that there is a close connection between the fixed in public life sense of identity and responsibility of government. The attention is also paid to the importance of the meaning of phenomena of multiculturalism and identity in the modern world system, as well as to the use of social identity in hybrid ideology. ; У статті розглянуто ідентичність у філософському і етичному вимірах, а також особливості сучасного бачення сутності ідентичності в суспільному і національному вимірах. Поняття ідентичності розглянуто також у зв'язку з особливостями її відображення в українській спільноті. Автори вважають, що існує тісний зв'язок між усталеним у суспільному житті відчуттям ідентичності і відповідальністю влади. Акцентовано увагу на значенні феноменів мультикультуралізму і ідентичності в сучасній системі світу, на використанні суспільної ідентичності в гібридній ідеології.

The article deals with imposition of punishment taking into account the identity of a guilty person. Consideration of the identity of a guilty person during imposition of punishment is one of the main conditions for execution of the principle of individualization of punishment and a guarantee for imposition of a fair punishment. During imposition of punishment the court should always take into account the features of the person who committed a crime because they can have a big and sometimes a decisive influence on the type and measure of the imposed punishment. Without considering individual features the imposition of punishment would turn into mechanical task. That is why the legislator provides alternative types of punishment and establishes their limits that the court could choose the type and measure of punishment which would ensure the achievement of its goal which is the retaliation, correction of convicted person as well as prevention of new crimes both by the convicted and other persons. It has been proved that during imposition of punishment it is necessary to comply with the following rules: i) consideration of the identity of the guilty person is an independent principle for imposition of punishment and should be carried out within every criminal proceeding; ii) it is necessary to take into account the features which characterize the identity of the guilty person from various sides (physical features like sex, age, health condition taking into account physical defects, disabilities, pregnancy of a woman at the moment of commission of the crime), physical features (mental disorders except for cases for recognition a person as a disabled one, character, temper, social orientation of the person), social features (profession, position, marriage status, existence of dependent of minors or elderly people, belonging to the relevant social group, attitude to labor or education, behavior at work, in daily life, manner of life, existence of state awards, honored degrees, compliance with the rules of public ...

An analytic approach is designed to link foreign and identity policies reveals policymaker's the worldviews and beliefs. Identifying a link makes it possible to understand a policy decision that cannot be explained by the rational choice or long-term interest categories. It is obvious that the decisions on annexation of Crimea, the resolution of the armed conflict in the East of Ukraine are difficult to explain only through the lens of geopolitical revanchism of the Russian Federation. The current state of Russian-Ukrainian relations is determined by the conflict of identities. Both Ukraine and the Russian Federation have departed from the logic of the post-Soviet state and are trying to create future-oriented political projects. In the armed conflict, the Ukrainian political project is building on an anti-Russian basis, and its success depends on further distance from Russia. The Russian political class also pursues a policy negativizing the image of a neighboring state, creating narratives about the artificiality of the modern Ukraine's borders and the extreme weakness of its institutions (failed state). At the same time, it is actively promoting the idea of Ukrainians and Russians are «one people». This «big idea» is placed in official discourse to please the nationalists, does not so much justify the Putin's actions in Ukraine, but shapes the future Russian policy in the «Ukrainian issue». Resolving identity conflicts will help to shape modern political nations that will define the geographical boundaries of their states. It is important for Ukraine that the Ukrainian political nation can influence the Russians' perceptions the possible borders of their own state.Key words: identity; foreign policy; political nation; borders; narrative; official discourse; Ukraine; Russian Federation. ; Аналітичний підхід, спрямований на встановлення зв'язку між зовнішньою політикою та політикою ідентичності, розкриває світоглядні засади і переконання осіб, які ухвалюють зовнішньополітичні рішення. Виявлення такого зв'язку дає змогу зрозуміти політичне рішення, яке неможливо пояснити у категоріях раціонального вибору або відповідності довготерміновим інтересам. Безперечно, рішення щодо анексії Криму, розв'язання збройного конфлікту на Сході України є такими, що важко пояснити простим намаганням приростити території. Сучасний стан російсько-українських відносин визначається конфліктом ідентичностей. І Україна, і РФ відійшли від логіки пострадянського стану і намагаються створити політичні проекти, спрямовані у майбутнє. В умовах збройного конфлікту український політичний проект розбудовується на антиросійській основі, а його успіх передбачає подальше дистанціювання від Росії. Російський політичний клас також проводить політику негативізації образу сусідньої держави, створюючи наратив про штучність кордонів сучасної України та надзвичайну слабкість її державних інститутів (failed state). Водночас він активно просуває ідею про українців і росіян як «один народ». Ця «велика ідея», поміщена в офіційний дискурс на догоду націоналістам, не стільки спрямована на виправдання дій В. В. Путіна в Україні, скільки формує російську політику ідентичності на перспективу. Розв'язання конфлікту ідентичностей зумовить формування сучасних політичних націй, які визначатимуть географічні кордони своїх держав. Для України важливо, щоб зміцнення української політичної нації стало тим чинником, який впливає на уявлення росіян про можливі кордони їхньої власної держави.Ключові слова: ідентичність; зовнішня політика; політична нація; кордони; наратив; офіційний дискурс; Україна; Російська Федерація.