В статье рассматриваются факторы привлекательности иммиграции в столичные мегаполисы. Цель исследования − выделение ключевых проблем, влияющих на низкую привлекательность мегаполисов. The author considers factors of attractiveness of immigration to metropolitan cities. The purpose of the study is to highlight the key issues that affect the low attractiveness of megacities.
In the current conditions of economic and socio-demographic development of the Russian Federation, the role of migration processes in making up for the loss of labour potential and ensuring a sustainable and balanced growth of the economy is increasing. Of great relevance are becoming studies of the problems of labour market balance in their interaction with migration processes and development of practical measures in the field of improving the regulation of labour immigration. The article analyzes statistical material characterizing the trends in attracting and using foreign labor in the modern Russian economy. The peculiarities of the functioning of the national labour market are identified and revealed. Quantitative and structural imbalances in the labour market between labour demand and supply are analyzed. It is shown that the labour market is central among the socio-economic determinants of labour immigration. There is made an assessment of the state and dynamics of the processes of attracting and using foreign labour in connection with the analysis of trends in the situation at the labour market. The impact of labor immigration and its structure on the functioning of the labour market and employment is revealed. The ambiguous consequences of the use of foreign labour for development of the national economy were considered. The positive and negative effects of labour immigration were highlighted. A special attention was paid to development of the issues of improving the state migration policy in the field of labour immigration. The most problematic components of attracting and using foreign workers are shown. There is proposed the development of tasks related to overcoming the existing miscalculations in the labour immigration management practice. There are identified specific measures for solution of the existing problems of receiving foreign labour in order to ensure both short-term and long-term economic and geopolitical interests of the country's development. There are developed proposals and recommendations on the regulation of flows of foreign migrant workers.
Some of the most significant consequences of transnational immigration is growing religious diversity and finding a way to manage it. This article considers the concept of pluralism, the differences in religious pluralism between America and Western Europe occurring due to immigration, as well as the roles and possibilities of immigrant religions in the process of adapting to the host society. The history of immigration, models of immigrant incorporation and adaption, patterns of religious pluralism and types of secularism strongly vary in the aforementioned regions. Religion in America is a positive resource and a basis for incorporating immigrants into American society, their recognition in public life, assimilation and construction of an American identity. By contrast, in Western Europe immigrant religions, particularly Islam, are perceived primarily as an obstacle to incorporating immigrants into European societies and their recognition in the public domain. This is explained mainly by the secularist mindset of European people in general, their uncertain "private" religiosity in the context of "Euro-secularity", the European concept of religion's place in the "private domain", as well as types of state-religion relations and institutional patterns of recognition which differ from America.
Der Autor benennt die für einen wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung des Fernen Ostens Rußlands unerläßlichen Voraussetzungen und geht in diesem Zusammenhang detailliert auf die Bedeutung der russisch- chinesischen Beziehungen für die Entwicklung dieser Region ein. Dabei werden auch die durch die unkontrollierte chinesische Immigration bedingten Probleme erörtert. (BIOst-Mrk)
The article is devoted to problems of internal migration in modern Russian society. Describes the basic approaches to understanding the phenomenon of migration in the Russian sociological science, provides copyright definition of migration. The results of sociological research, carried out in the city of Belgorod onthe influx of migrants. Analyzing the factors of the Immigration Appeal of the big city, the problems of migrants are sending a territorial mobility of the population, especially the relocation of conduct, as well as the level of the young migrants to a new location.
This response emphasizes the need to consider the problem of the mismatch of demographic interests of individuals and society as a special case of the problem of social order that has long been known and studied by sociologists. The idea that socialized individuals can behave as they please when participating in the life of society is sociologically naive. The author of the reply proceeds while bearing in mind the notion that society is a self-organizing system, and interprets the demographic transition as a classic example of such self-organization, a spontaneous historically determined response to the imbalance in fertility and mortality. He considers the threat of global depopulation to be a myth, but at the same time recognizes the seriousness of the problem of population decline for many post-transition countries. For them the only solution to this problem may be immigration.
