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Intro -- IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT: ELEMENTS AND LEGAL ISSUES -- IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT: ELEMENTS AND LEGAL ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION IN IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT: LEGAL ISSUES -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- FEDERAL POWER TO REGULATE IMMIGRATION -- PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION GENERALLY -- PROSECUTORIAL DISCRETION IN THE IMMIGRATION CONTEXT -- POTENTIAL LIMITS ON THE EXERCISE OF DISCRETION -- Constitution -- Selective Prosecution -- "Take Care" Clause -- Statute -- Whether "Shall" Means Agencies Lack Discretion -- Deference to Agencies' Interpretations of Their Governing Statutes -- Executive Branch Self-Regulation -- CONCLUSION -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 TESTIMONY OF RUTH ELLEN WASEM, SPECIALIST IN IMMIGRATION POLICY, CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE. HEARING ON ''DOES ADMINISTRATIVE AMNESTY HARM OUR EFFORTS TO GAIN AND MAINTAIN OPERATIONAL CONTROL OF THE BORDER?'' -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 INTERIOR IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT: PROGRAMS TARGETING CRIMINAL ALIENS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- DEFINING "CRIMINAL ALIENS" -- QUANTIFYING THE CRIMINAL ALIEN POPULATION -- Federal-Level Arrest Data -- Federal, State, and Local Incarceration Data -- Estimates from the American Community Survey -- Other Estimates of the Criminal Alien Population -- HISTORY OF CRIMINAL ALIEN REMOVAL PROGRAMS -- ICE PROGRAMS TARGETING CRIMINAL ALIENS -- Jail Enforcement Programs -- Criminal Alien Program (CAP) -- Secure Communities -- 287(g) Jail Screening Program -- Task Force Programs -- 287(g) Task Force Program -- National Fugitive Operations Program -- Differences among Criminal Alien Enforcement Programs -- DHS ENFORCEMENT PRIORITIES AND DISCRETION -- March 2011 ICE Guidance Memo -- June 2011 ICE Guidance Memo -- August 2011 DHS Announcement and Review of Backlogged Cases -- APPROPRIATIONS -- ENFORCEMENT STATISTICS

Immigration enforcement has ambiguous implications for the crime rate of undocumented immigrants. On the one hand, expulsions reduce the pool of immigrants at risk of committing crimes, on the other they lower the opportunity cost of crime for those who are not expelled. We estimate the effect of expulsions on the crime rate of undocumented immigrants in Italy exploiting variation in enforcement toward immigrants of different nationality, due to the existence of bilateral agreements for the control of illegal migration. We find that stricter enforcement of migration policy reduces the crime rate of undocumented immigrants.

Presentation made at Latinos in the Heartland (10th : 2012 : Kansas City, Mo.) and published in the annual conference proceedings. ; America's Heartland is now home to surging immigrant populations that buoy state and local communities. Rather than explore how to integrate foreign-born newcomers, state and local leaders (e.g., legislators, law enforcement agencies) accelerated immigration enforcement experiments after the collapse of comprehensive immigration reform during 2006-2007. Immigration control advocates in the Heartland have joined or led efforts to repel unauthorized immigrants. Efforts include restrictive laws and increased arrests and deportations. This paper discusses how restrictive policies and programs foster a culture of fear in immigrant communities, even as they fail resolutely, to achieve their central goal of reducing the number of immigrants, including the unauthorized, in new communities.

Recent increases in U.S. immigration enforcement at the local and state level may be impacting remittance flows to developing countries by curtailing undocumented immigration, restricting the cyclicality of migration flows and limiting employment opportunities for the undocumented. We examine how the remitting patterns of Mexican migrants in the United States are being impacted by two types of immigration enforcement policies: police-based initiatives, such as 287(g) agreements and Secure Communities, and employment-based programs, as is the case with employment verification mandates. We find that increased enforcement reduces the share of migrants sending money home. However, legal migrants remitting money home increase their money outflows enough to offset any reductions in remittance payments from their undocumented counterparts. As a result, the average dollar amount remitted per Mexican migrant rises in the midst of increased uncertainty, safeguarding remittances as one of the least volatile sources of income in the developing world.