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For five decades Lithuania had very limited media: television, newspapers and radio stations were controlled by the state. In 1990 when Lithuania regained its independence, the situation changed: commercial television appeared, private radio stations were created, newspapers experienced an "explosion". In sixteen years of independence an opinion came about that due to various reasons (newspapers buying other newspapers, there are less owners of media channels, owners are more concerned with profits and less with informing the public) the choice of media is getting poorer, the quality of journalists' work is getting worse. Several years of changes created increasing media concentration in Lithuania. Lithuanian journalism market is being divided among large business corporations and media magnates. Despite of that, owners and growing media concentration are not talked about – information is hidden, media corporations do not answer to the public. Professional journalism has an important function in the society: it helps to keep democracy, increases public society activity, satisfies public needs and ensures the feedback, but at the same time remains a passive and objective information transmitter. These functions are best delivered by pluralistic journalism, but the question is whether pluralism remains in media concentration. Today there are several opinions regarding media concentration. There are proposals to stop media concentration with rules and regulations or encourage media transparency, i.e. inform the society of the owners of corporations. Lithuania has a law on the provision of information which makes media corporations' owners declare which companies they own. This article discusses several hypotheses: while media concentration increases, pluralistic journalism decreases; professional journalism is not fulfilling its mission, which is satisfying public interests; large media corporations are manipulating the thoughts of society; transparency can increase the credibility of media. Media concentration is a widely discussed topic in other countries and there are a lot of articles written about it. It is relatively new in Lithuania and there is only one article written about it, i.e. Ovidijus Lukosius master's degree in 1999 "Media Concentration Tendencies in Lithuania and Europe". So, six years later we can witness new tendencies in media concentration in Lithuania. Media concentration and its influence on pluralism and professional journalism is being discussed according to different authors (David Croteau, Anthony Smith, Denis McQuail, Jurgen Habermas, Ben H. Bagdikian), European Union, Lithuania's and other countries' laws, articles in newspapers and so on. This work consists of three parts. First part explains the notion of media concentration, its importance in journalism. Second part discusses the importance of foreign investment in Lithuania's journalism market, foreign companies' integration. Third part presents a research "The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism". The aim of this article is to discuss the reasons for media concentration and what influence it can have on pluralistic journalism and journalists' work.

For five decades Lithuania had very limited media: television, newspapers and radio stations were controlled by the state. In 1990 when Lithuania regained its independence, the situation changed: commercial television appeared, private radio stations were created, newspapers experienced an "explosion". In sixteen years of independence an opinion came about that due to various reasons (newspapers buying other newspapers, there are less owners of media channels, owners are more concerned with profits and less with informing the public) the choice of media is getting poorer, the quality of journalists' work is getting worse. Several years of changes created increasing media concentration in Lithuania. Lithuanian journalism market is being divided among large business corporations and media magnates. Despite of that, owners and growing media concentration are not talked about – information is hidden, media corporations do not answer to the public. Professional journalism has an important function in the society: it helps to keep democracy, increases public society activity, satisfies public needs and ensures the feedback, but at the same time remains a passive and objective information transmitter. These functions are best delivered by pluralistic journalism, but the question is whether pluralism remains in media concentration. Today there are several opinions regarding media concentration. There are proposals to stop media concentration with rules and regulations or encourage media transparency, i.e. inform the society of the owners of corporations. Lithuania has a law on the provision of information which makes media corporations' owners declare which companies they own. This article discusses several hypotheses: while media concentration increases, pluralistic journalism decreases; professional journalism is not fulfilling its mission, which is satisfying public interests; large media corporations are manipulating the thoughts of society; transparency can increase the credibility of media. Media concentration is a widely discussed topic in other countries and there are a lot of articles written about it. It is relatively new in Lithuania and there is only one article written about it, i.e. Ovidijus Lukosius master's degree in 1999 "Media Concentration Tendencies in Lithuania and Europe". So, six years later we can witness new tendencies in media concentration in Lithuania. Media concentration and its influence on pluralism and professional journalism is being discussed according to different authors (David Croteau, Anthony Smith, Denis McQuail, Jurgen Habermas, Ben H. Bagdikian), European Union, Lithuania's and other countries' laws, articles in newspapers and so on. This work consists of three parts. First part explains the notion of media concentration, its importance in journalism. Second part discusses the importance of foreign investment in Lithuania's journalism market, foreign companies' integration. Third part presents a research "The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism". The aim of this article is to discuss the reasons for media concentration and what influence it can have on pluralistic journalism and journalists' work.

For five decades Lithuania had very limited media: television, newspapers and radio stations were controlled by the state. In 1990 when Lithuania regained its independence, the situation changed: commercial television appeared, private radio stations were created, newspapers experienced an "explosion". In sixteen years of independence an opinion came about that due to various reasons (newspapers buying other newspapers, there are less owners of media channels, owners are more concerned with profits and less with informing the public) the choice of media is getting poorer, the quality of journalists' work is getting worse. Several years of changes created increasing media concentration in Lithuania. Lithuanian journalism market is being divided among large business corporations and media magnates. Despite of that, owners and growing media concentration are not talked about – information is hidden, media corporations do not answer to the public. Professional journalism has an important function in the society: it helps to keep democracy, increases public society activity, satisfies public needs and ensures the feedback, but at the same time remains a passive and objective information transmitter. These functions are best delivered by pluralistic journalism, but the question is whether pluralism remains in media concentration. Today there are several opinions regarding media concentration. There are proposals to stop media concentration with rules and regulations or encourage media transparency, i.e. inform the society of the owners of corporations. Lithuania has a law on the provision of information which makes media corporations' owners declare which companies they own. This article discusses several hypotheses: while media concentration increases, pluralistic journalism decreases; professional journalism is not fulfilling its mission, which is satisfying public interests; large media corporations are manipulating the thoughts of society; transparency can increase the credibility of media. Media concentration is a widely discussed topic in other countries and there are a lot of articles written about it. It is relatively new in Lithuania and there is only one article written about it, i.e. Ovidijus Lukosius master's degree in 1999 "Media Concentration Tendencies in Lithuania and Europe". So, six years later we can witness new tendencies in media concentration in Lithuania. Media concentration and its influence on pluralism and professional journalism is being discussed according to different authors (David Croteau, Anthony Smith, Denis McQuail, Jurgen Habermas, Ben H. Bagdikian), European Union, Lithuania's and other countries' laws, articles in newspapers and so on. This work consists of three parts. First part explains the notion of media concentration, its importance in journalism. Second part discusses the importance of foreign investment in Lithuania's journalism market, foreign companies' integration. Third part presents a research "The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism". The aim of this article is to discuss the reasons for media concentration and what influence it can have on pluralistic journalism and journalists' work.

For five decades Lithuania had very limited media: television, newspapers and radio stations were controlled by the state. In 1990 when Lithuania regained its independence, the situation changed: commercial television appeared, private radio stations were created, newspapers experienced an "explosion". In sixteen years of independence an opinion came about that due to various reasons (newspapers buying other newspapers, there are less owners of media channels, owners are more concerned with profits and less with informing the public) the choice of media is getting poorer, the quality of journalists' work is getting worse. Several years of changes created increasing media concentration in Lithuania. Lithuanian journalism market is being divided among large business corporations and media magnates. Despite of that, owners and growing media concentration are not talked about – information is hidden, media corporations do not answer to the public. Professional journalism has an important function in the society: it helps to keep democracy, increases public society activity, satisfies public needs and ensures the feedback, but at the same time remains a passive and objective information transmitter. These functions are best delivered by pluralistic journalism, but the question is whether pluralism remains in media concentration. Today there are several opinions regarding media concentration. There are proposals to stop media concentration with rules and regulations or encourage media transparency, i.e. inform the society of the owners of corporations. Lithuania has a law on the provision of information which makes media corporations' owners declare which companies they own. This article discusses several hypotheses: while media concentration increases, pluralistic journalism decreases; professional journalism is not fulfilling its mission, which is satisfying public interests; large media corporations are manipulating the thoughts of society; transparency can increase the credibility of media. Media concentration is a widely discussed topic in other countries and there are a lot of articles written about it. It is relatively new in Lithuania and there is only one article written about it, i.e. Ovidijus Lukosius master's degree in 1999 "Media Concentration Tendencies in Lithuania and Europe". So, six years later we can witness new tendencies in media concentration in Lithuania. Media concentration and its influence on pluralism and professional journalism is being discussed according to different authors (David Croteau, Anthony Smith, Denis McQuail, Jurgen Habermas, Ben H. Bagdikian), European Union, Lithuania's and other countries' laws, articles in newspapers and so on. This work consists of three parts. First part explains the notion of media concentration, its importance in journalism. Second part discusses the importance of foreign investment in Lithuania's journalism market, foreign companies' integration. Third part presents a research "The Impact of Media Concentration on Professional Journalism". The aim of this article is to discuss the reasons for media concentration and what influence it can have on pluralistic journalism and journalists' work.

"Moving" of a diary into virtual network at the end of the 20th century has opened up an opportunity to circulate knowledge according to interests, yet it actually does not change the role of journalism as a social institution. Currently, a blog is not only a genre of journalism, but also a mode of professional expression. In this respect, a journalist blog (according to the journalistic professionalism criteria) should be distinguished from the blogs of persons of other professions. The author of the article concludes that a blog has been establishing as a source of social expression, a publication and a genre of journalism; journalist expression of the genre of blog differs from other expressions of this genre when it formally meets the criteria of a journalistic piece of work: selection of social information according to relevance, closeness, recency and reality of facts, reference to sources, truth investigation; a blogger in Lithuania may be and is treated as a journalist, since he is an author of publicised information (it is particularly important in relation to the Parliament, because formally every elector has the right and possibility to observe sittings); a blog as a publication is more than a piece of creation – it reveals cultural identity of the author(s), it helps perceive the psychological portrait and behaviour of a person (or an organisation); therefore, it should be analysed in different social aspects on the web. The analysis of a blog as a source of data is an object worth the attention of journalists; the legislator of the Republic of Lithuania could supplement the definitions of the Law on the Provision of Information to the Public with the concept of a "blog", yet defining it as a means of information only (next to a newspaper or a journal), since, being a publication, it surpasses the notion of a genre (just like in the case of an interview – as a working method discussed in the article).

"Moving" of a diary into virtual network at the end of the 20th century has opened up an opportunity to circulate knowledge according to interests, yet it actually does not change the role of journalism as a social institution. Currently, a blog is not only a genre of journalism, but also a mode of professional expression. In this respect, a journalist blog (according to the journalistic professionalism criteria) should be distinguished from the blogs of persons of other professions. The author of the article concludes that a blog has been establishing as a source of social expression, a publication and a genre of journalism; journalist expression of the genre of blog differs from other expressions of this genre when it formally meets the criteria of a journalistic piece of work: selection of social information according to relevance, closeness, recency and reality of facts, reference to sources, truth investigation; a blogger in Lithuania may be and is treated as a journalist, since he is an author of publicised information (it is particularly important in relation to the Parliament, because formally every elector has the right and possibility to observe sittings); a blog as a publication is more than a piece of creation – it reveals cultural identity of the author(s), it helps perceive the psychological portrait and behaviour of a person (or an organisation); therefore, it should be analysed in different social aspects on the web. The analysis of a blog as a source of data is an object worth the attention of journalists; the legislator of the Republic of Lithuania could supplement the definitions of the Law on the Provision of Information to the Public with the concept of a "blog", yet defining it as a means of information only (next to a newspaper or a journal), since, being a publication, it surpasses the notion of a genre (just like in the case of an interview – as a working method discussed in the article).

"Moving" of a diary into virtual network at the end of the 20th century has opened up an opportunity to circulate knowledge according to interests, yet it actually does not change the role of journalism as a social institution. Currently, a blog is not only a genre of journalism, but also a mode of professional expression. In this respect, a journalist blog (according to the journalistic professionalism criteria) should be distinguished from the blogs of persons of other professions. The author of the article concludes that a blog has been establishing as a source of social expression, a publication and a genre of journalism; journalist expression of the genre of blog differs from other expressions of this genre when it formally meets the criteria of a journalistic piece of work: selection of social information according to relevance, closeness, recency and reality of facts, reference to sources, truth investigation; a blogger in Lithuania may be and is treated as a journalist, since he is an author of publicised information (it is particularly important in relation to the Parliament, because formally every elector has the right and possibility to observe sittings); a blog as a publication is more than a piece of creation – it reveals cultural identity of the author(s), it helps perceive the psychological portrait and behaviour of a person (or an organisation); therefore, it should be analysed in different social aspects on the web. The analysis of a blog as a source of data is an object worth the attention of journalists; the legislator of the Republic of Lithuania could supplement the definitions of the Law on the Provision of Information to the Public with the concept of a "blog", yet defining it as a means of information only (next to a newspaper or a journal), since, being a publication, it surpasses the notion of a genre (just like in the case of an interview – as a working method discussed in the article).

"Moving" of a diary into virtual network at the end of the 20th century has opened up an opportunity to circulate knowledge according to interests, yet it actually does not change the role of journalism as a social institution. Currently, a blog is not only a genre of journalism, but also a mode of professional expression. In this respect, a journalist blog (according to the journalistic professionalism criteria) should be distinguished from the blogs of persons of other professions. The author of the article concludes that a blog has been establishing as a source of social expression, a publication and a genre of journalism; journalist expression of the genre of blog differs from other expressions of this genre when it formally meets the criteria of a journalistic piece of work: selection of social information according to relevance, closeness, recency and reality of facts, reference to sources, truth investigation; a blogger in Lithuania may be and is treated as a journalist, since he is an author of publicised information (it is particularly important in relation to the Parliament, because formally every elector has the right and possibility to observe sittings); a blog as a publication is more than a piece of creation – it reveals cultural identity of the author(s), it helps perceive the psychological portrait and behaviour of a person (or an organisation); therefore, it should be analysed in different social aspects on the web. The analysis of a blog as a source of data is an object worth the attention of journalists; the legislator of the Republic of Lithuania could supplement the definitions of the Law on the Provision of Information to the Public with the concept of a "blog", yet defining it as a means of information only (next to a newspaper or a journal), since, being a publication, it surpasses the notion of a genre (just like in the case of an interview – as a working method discussed in the article).

Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.

Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.

Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.

Each of these three positions compete: agents of the second and third positions accuse those of the first position of violating the autonomy principles of political and journalistic fields; the third position perceives civic journalism as non-objective journalism. However, the latter two positions more often become allies rather than opponents in the fight of the field of political journalism to preserve field autonomy.

Generally speaking, we can describe the journalism culture as an ideology of media representatives, which defines their social function, identity, as well as reveals their motives in making professional decisions. Different stances on political issues and on politicians themselves is determined by the journalism culture of different media professionals. Their personal opinion and the position they choose are key elements forming the journalism culture of the whole country. It is more common to use quantitative research to identify the journalism culture of a specific country in order to analyze the data of hundreds or thousands of respondents. Most commonly, when discussing the concept of journalism culture of a specific country, quantitative research is used. In order to carry it out, several thousand or even tens of thousands of respondents are asked to answer closed-ended questions. The most popular and widely used model is Thomas Hanitzsch approach, which defines journalism culture as a combination of three main elements – Institutional Roles, Epistemologies and Ethical Ideologies. In this thesis, the Hanitzsch model is adapted to analyze the culture of political journalism in Lithuania using qualitative approach. Analyzing the responses of journalists gives a chance to look at this model from another perspective — to hear the motives of their choices and to determine if the Hanitzsch' suggested division of each dimension into two poles is enough to reveal all of the nuances of journalism culture. This master thesis is the first step towards the identification of Lithuanian journalism culture, based on subjective experience of the journalists. It is attempt to determine the sources of influence that the Lithuanian journalists are facing, the arguments that determine their choices and the challenges they face in their working environment. The aim of the thesis is to identify motives and arguments that determine the choices of journalists by using the method of qualitative approach suggested by Hanitzsch. The following tasks have been set to reach the aim of the work: 1.To discuss the concept of journalism culture and its relationship with political processes. 2.To present the research that has been done so far and introduce the Hanitzsch model chosen for this analysis. 3.Based on theory, to form a questionnaire for the practical part of the research. 4.To analyze the responses of journalists according to different dimensions formed by the research and to name which positions are chosen and what arguments determine these choices. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the concept of the journalism culture, discusses the research that has been done and widely presents the Hanitzsch model. Based on this model, the Lithuanian journalism culture will be analyzed using qualitative approach. The second part of the thesis presents a qualitative research which analyses the stances of journalists via seven dimensions. The research is carried out based on their responses delivered during in-depth interviews. In this part, besides the stances of journalists, their arguments in choosing the stances, subjective views of the situation, as well as their media experiences are also presented. The information gathered while conducting this research allows not only to find out the stances of the informants but to determine the reasons behind their specific choices. Even though the model presented by Hanitzsch is comprehensive and complex, when applied in quantitative research it limits the possibility to see into the situation thoroughly and to discover what specific challenges and market issues, shaping their journalistic culture, are seen by research participants themselves. When Lithuania takes part in quantitave market research, it would certainly be useful to conduct a more thorough qualitative analysis which would allow to determine arguments on which journalists are basing their stances.

Generally speaking, we can describe the journalism culture as an ideology of media representatives, which defines their social function, identity, as well as reveals their motives in making professional decisions. Different stances on political issues and on politicians themselves is determined by the journalism culture of different media professionals. Their personal opinion and the position they choose are key elements forming the journalism culture of the whole country. It is more common to use quantitative research to identify the journalism culture of a specific country in order to analyze the data of hundreds or thousands of respondents. Most commonly, when discussing the concept of journalism culture of a specific country, quantitative research is used. In order to carry it out, several thousand or even tens of thousands of respondents are asked to answer closed-ended questions. The most popular and widely used model is Thomas Hanitzsch approach, which defines journalism culture as a combination of three main elements – Institutional Roles, Epistemologies and Ethical Ideologies. In this thesis, the Hanitzsch model is adapted to analyze the culture of political journalism in Lithuania using qualitative approach. Analyzing the responses of journalists gives a chance to look at this model from another perspective — to hear the motives of their choices and to determine if the Hanitzsch' suggested division of each dimension into two poles is enough to reveal all of the nuances of journalism culture. This master thesis is the first step towards the identification of Lithuanian journalism culture, based on subjective experience of the journalists. It is attempt to determine the sources of influence that the Lithuanian journalists are facing, the arguments that determine their choices and the challenges they face in their working environment. The aim of the thesis is to identify motives and arguments that determine the choices of journalists by using the method of qualitative approach suggested by Hanitzsch. The following tasks have been set to reach the aim of the work: 1.To discuss the concept of journalism culture and its relationship with political processes. 2.To present the research that has been done so far and introduce the Hanitzsch model chosen for this analysis. 3.Based on theory, to form a questionnaire for the practical part of the research. 4.To analyze the responses of journalists according to different dimensions formed by the research and to name which positions are chosen and what arguments determine these choices. The theoretical part of the thesis presents the concept of the journalism culture, discusses the research that has been done and widely presents the Hanitzsch model. Based on this model, the Lithuanian journalism culture will be analyzed using qualitative approach. The second part of the thesis presents a qualitative research which analyses the stances of journalists via seven dimensions. The research is carried out based on their responses delivered during in-depth interviews. In this part, besides the stances of journalists, their arguments in choosing the stances, subjective views of the situation, as well as their media experiences are also presented. The information gathered while conducting this research allows not only to find out the stances of the informants but to determine the reasons behind their specific choices. Even though the model presented by Hanitzsch is comprehensive and complex, when applied in quantitative research it limits the possibility to see into the situation thoroughly and to discover what specific challenges and market issues, shaping their journalistic culture, are seen by research participants themselves. When Lithuania takes part in quantitave market research, it would certainly be useful to conduct a more thorough qualitative analysis which would allow to determine arguments on which journalists are basing their stances.