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There are no one opinion about the determination of criminality. Most of the criminologists agree, that criminality is social-legal construct, which is bound up to development and variation of the social, demographic, political, moral, economical and legal situation. Eventually, criminality is social construct, the common result of different individual's actions, and should be estimated according to historical condition. Women commit a small share of all crimes – in the year 2007 among all suspects, women comprised about 11 %. Women mostly commit offences against property - theft, robbery, and drug offences. 21-39 years old women, with basic or secondary education commit most of offences. Alcohol/drugs addiction, mental troubles are widespread among convicted women. Recently female criminality remains stable, except marginal increase in different sections. It is difficult compare female criminality in Lithuania with female criminality abroad, because of different legislation, penal system and criminal policy overall. Furthermore, historical, political, social, economical conditions, women position must be taken into consideration. Different criminological theories tried to explain female criminality concentrating on various factors, although the main explanations of female crime haven't been proved.

There are no one opinion about the determination of criminality. Most of the criminologists agree, that criminality is social-legal construct, which is bound up to development and variation of the social, demographic, political, moral, economical and legal situation. Eventually, criminality is social construct, the common result of different individual's actions, and should be estimated according to historical condition. Women commit a small share of all crimes – in the year 2007 among all suspects, women comprised about 11 %. Women mostly commit offences against property - theft, robbery, and drug offences. 21-39 years old women, with basic or secondary education commit most of offences. Alcohol/drugs addiction, mental troubles are widespread among convicted women. Recently female criminality remains stable, except marginal increase in different sections. It is difficult compare female criminality in Lithuania with female criminality abroad, because of different legislation, penal system and criminal policy overall. Furthermore, historical, political, social, economical conditions, women position must be taken into consideration. Different criminological theories tried to explain female criminality concentrating on various factors, although the main explanations of female crime haven't been proved.

There are no one opinion about the determination of criminality. Most of the criminologists agree, that criminality is social-legal construct, which is bound up to development and variation of the social, demographic, political, moral, economical and legal situation. Eventually, criminality is social construct, the common result of different individual's actions, and should be estimated according to historical condition. Women commit a small share of all crimes – in the year 2007 among all suspects, women comprised about 11 %. Women mostly commit offences against property - theft, robbery, and drug offences. 21-39 years old women, with basic or secondary education commit most of offences. Alcohol/drugs addiction, mental troubles are widespread among convicted women. Recently female criminality remains stable, except marginal increase in different sections. It is difficult compare female criminality in Lithuania with female criminality abroad, because of different legislation, penal system and criminal policy overall. Furthermore, historical, political, social, economical conditions, women position must be taken into consideration. Different criminological theories tried to explain female criminality concentrating on various factors, although the main explanations of female crime haven't been proved.

There are no one opinion about the determination of criminality. Most of the criminologists agree, that criminality is social-legal construct, which is bound up to development and variation of the social, demographic, political, moral, economical and legal situation. Eventually, criminality is social construct, the common result of different individual's actions, and should be estimated according to historical condition. Women commit a small share of all crimes – in the year 2007 among all suspects, women comprised about 11 %. Women mostly commit offences against property - theft, robbery, and drug offences. 21-39 years old women, with basic or secondary education commit most of offences. Alcohol/drugs addiction, mental troubles are widespread among convicted women. Recently female criminality remains stable, except marginal increase in different sections. It is difficult compare female criminality in Lithuania with female criminality abroad, because of different legislation, penal system and criminal policy overall. Furthermore, historical, political, social, economical conditions, women position must be taken into consideration. Different criminological theories tried to explain female criminality concentrating on various factors, although the main explanations of female crime haven't been proved.

Crime related publications in mass media have big impact on the public understanding of crime situation, as well as of the strategy and tactics in current criminal policy. Due to this fact, the diffusion of this kind of information becomes a serious social and political problem in modern society. The article "Crime and Press in Lithuanian Society" analyses trends and structure of crime related publications in Lithuanian press, their inner ideology, and public attitude to crime related publications. The article points on the fact that publications in Lithuanian press are not adequate to the official description of crime situation in society, create distorted image of crime, and misinform public about the real state of affairs in criminal justice. In its turn, images of crime and criminal justice could negatively influence the implementation of effective democratic criminal policy in Lithuania.

Crime related publications in mass media have big impact on the public understanding of crime situation, as well as of the strategy and tactics in current criminal policy. Due to this fact, the diffusion of this kind of information becomes a serious social and political problem in modern society. The article "Crime and Press in Lithuanian Society" analyses trends and structure of crime related publications in Lithuanian press, their inner ideology, and public attitude to crime related publications. The article points on the fact that publications in Lithuanian press are not adequate to the official description of crime situation in society, create distorted image of crime, and misinform public about the real state of affairs in criminal justice. In its turn, images of crime and criminal justice could negatively influence the implementation of effective democratic criminal policy in Lithuania.

The research object of the given dissertation is the map of the Soviet concepts of crime and punishment, their content and functioning on different Soviet political, institutional, social, chronological and spatial levels and spaces: from post-revolutionary Russia to the Perestroika-guided Soviet world; from the Centre of the Soviet Empire (Moscow) to its Periphery (one particular Soviet Republic, Soviet Lithuania). The research is focused on the ideas, concepts and definitions of crime and punishment, which were formulated in the Soviet Union and Soviet Lithuania, and the development of these ideas and concepts until the collapse of the USSR. In this way, the research aims to generate some new insights into the nature and specifics of the Soviet-type criminal law and the system of criminal justice and criminal prosecution, and to give an answer to the question whether it was the entirely repressive mechanism, a tool of political power, as "the myth of the Gulag" claims, or if Soviet criminal law had at least some features of a separate, partially independent structure of criminal justice. Soviet Lithuanian concepts of "crime", "punishment", and "criminal" (their meanings and content) are investigated in 6 different levels: political discourse and official Soviet ideology, professional (expert) criminological knowledge, the Mass Media, the field of criminal prosecution, the law braking level, and the discourse of the "people from the street".

The research object of the given dissertation is the map of the Soviet concepts of crime and punishment, their content and functioning on different Soviet political, institutional, social, chronological and spatial levels and spaces: from post-revolutionary Russia to the Perestroika-guided Soviet world; from the Centre of the Soviet Empire (Moscow) to its Periphery (one particular Soviet Republic, Soviet Lithuania). The research is focused on the ideas, concepts and definitions of crime and punishment, which were formulated in the Soviet Union and Soviet Lithuania, and the development of these ideas and concepts until the collapse of the USSR. In this way, the research aims to generate some new insights into the nature and specifics of the Soviet-type criminal law and the system of criminal justice and criminal prosecution, and to give an answer to the question whether it was the entirely repressive mechanism, a tool of political power, as "the myth of the Gulag" claims, or if Soviet criminal law had at least some features of a separate, partially independent structure of criminal justice. Soviet Lithuanian concepts of "crime", "punishment", and "criminal" (their meanings and content) are investigated in 6 different levels: political discourse and official Soviet ideology, professional (expert) criminological knowledge, the Mass Media, the field of criminal prosecution, the law braking level, and the discourse of the "people from the street".

The research object of the given dissertation is the map of the Soviet concepts of crime and punishment, their content and functioning on different Soviet political, institutional, social, chronological and spatial levels and spaces: from post-revolutionary Russia to the Perestroika-guided Soviet world; from the Centre of the Soviet Empire (Moscow) to its Periphery (one particular Soviet Republic, Soviet Lithuania). The research is focused on the ideas, concepts and definitions of crime and punishment, which were formulated in the Soviet Union and Soviet Lithuania, and the development of these ideas and concepts until the collapse of the USSR. In this way, the research aims to generate some new insights into the nature and specifics of the Soviet-type criminal law and the system of criminal justice and criminal prosecution, and to give an answer to the question whether it was the entirely repressive mechanism, a tool of political power, as "the myth of the Gulag" claims, or if Soviet criminal law had at least some features of a separate, partially independent structure of criminal justice. Soviet Lithuanian concepts of "crime", "punishment", and "criminal" (their meanings and content) are investigated in 6 different levels: political discourse and official Soviet ideology, professional (expert) criminological knowledge, the Mass Media, the field of criminal prosecution, the law braking level, and the discourse of the "people from the street".

The research object of the given dissertation is the map of the Soviet concepts of crime and punishment, their content and functioning on different Soviet political, institutional, social, chronological and spatial levels and spaces: from post-revolutionary Russia to the Perestroika-guided Soviet world; from the Centre of the Soviet Empire (Moscow) to its Periphery (one particular Soviet Republic, Soviet Lithuania). The research is focused on the ideas, concepts and definitions of crime and punishment, which were formulated in the Soviet Union and Soviet Lithuania, and the development of these ideas and concepts until the collapse of the USSR. In this way, the research aims to generate some new insights into the nature and specifics of the Soviet-type criminal law and the system of criminal justice and criminal prosecution, and to give an answer to the question whether it was the entirely repressive mechanism, a tool of political power, as "the myth of the Gulag" claims, or if Soviet criminal law had at least some features of a separate, partially independent structure of criminal justice. Soviet Lithuanian concepts of "crime", "punishment", and "criminal" (their meanings and content) are investigated in 6 different levels: political discourse and official Soviet ideology, professional (expert) criminological knowledge, the Mass Media, the field of criminal prosecution, the law braking level, and the discourse of the "people from the street".