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The revolutions that pass through and are transforming Arab societies we are rendered intelligible thanks to several recent studies that have revisited the analysis traditionally applied to these companies and have examined the processes look observed in other areas with different methods and concepts. By not hesitating to enter the tools of political anthropology, sociology of social movements or the study of authoritarianism, works such as resistors and protests in Muslim societies, democratic authoritarianism, authoritarian democracies twenty-first century or Returning to Political Parties? Partisan Logic and Political Transformation in the Arab World have enrolled in a comparative perspective that allowed them to advance in the understanding of the 'Arab world'. This is also the ambition of two recent books, products at the French Institute of the Near East in Beirut and consecrated one, consolidation, destabilization or reappropriation of traditional leaderships in Lebanon during the parliamentary elections 2009, the other, referred here to the relationship between leaders and followers. The work led by Franck Mermier and Sabrina Mervin, collaborative research organized within the framework of an ANR 'white', proposes to examine anew instead, function and meanings of leadership in Lebanese political processes. In new fees because this topic has been widely explored for half a century and the za'ama, historical form the link between the political leader and community (local, religious, family) was treated in conventional works history and political sociology as the key institution of patriarchal and clientelist Lebanese political system, the institution that connects the base of the company to the State. The historical sociology of za'ama is also present in many contributions of leaders and supporters, particularly in the three chapters of Part IV ('In the prism of local') that refer to this institution as a 'leadership traditional' definition that would exceed this book. Adapted from the source document.

Wirtschaftlicher Jahresrückblick für die Länder Afrikas 1986 und Prognosen für 1987