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Production of medium chain carboxylic acids (MCCA) as renewable feedstock bio-chemicals, from food waste (FW), requires complicated reactor configurations and supplementation of chemicals to achieve product selectivity. This study evaluated the manipulation of organic loading rate in an un-supplemented, single stage stirred tank reactor to steer an anaerobic digestion (AD) microbiome towards acidogenic fermentation (AF), and thence to chain elongation. Increasing substrate availability by switching to a FW feedstock with a higher COD stimulated chain elongation. The MCCA species n-caproic (10.1 ± 1.7 g L−1) and n-caprylic (2.9 ± 0.8 g L−1) acid were produced at concentrations comparable to more complex reactor set-ups. As a result, of the adjusted operating strategy, a more specialised microbiome developed containing several MCCA-producing bacteria, lactic acid-producing Olsenella spp. and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. By contrast, in an AD reactor that was operated in parallel to produce biogas, the retention times had to be doubled when fed with the high-COD FW to maintain biogas production. The AD microbiome comprised a diverse mixture of hydrolytic and acidogenic bacteria, and acetoclastic methanogens. The results suggest that manipulation of organic loading rate and food-to-microorganism ratio may be used as an operating strategy to direct an AD microbiome towards AF, and to stimulate chain elongation in FW fermentation, using a simple, un-supplemented stirred tank set-up. This outcome provides the opportunity to repurpose existing AD assets operating on food waste for biogas production, to produce potentially higher value MCCA products, via simple manipulation of the feeding strategy. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 665992

"Whistleblowers are seldom seen as heroes. Instead, they are often viewed through a negative lens, described as troublemakers, disloyal employees, traitors, snitches and, in South Africa, as impimpis or informers. They risk denigration and scorn, not to mention dismissal from their positions and finding their careers in tatters. With corruption and fraud endemic in democratic South Africa, whistleblowers have played a pivotal role in bringing wrongdoing to light. They have provided an invaluable service to society through disclosures about cover-ups, malfeasance and wrongdoing. Their courageous acts have resulted in the recovery of millions of rands to the fiscus and to their fellow citizens as well as improved transparency and accountability for office bearers and politicians. Some would argue it was whistleblowing that brought down a president and the corrupt 'state capture' regime. But in most cases, the outcomes for the whistleblowers themselves are harrowing and devastating. Some have been gunned down in orchestrated assassinations, others have been threatened and targeted in sinister dirty-tricks campaigns. Many are hounded out of their jobs, ostracised and victimised. They struggle to find employment and are pushed to the fringes of society. Where there is litigation, this drags on and on through the courts. Mental health and relationships suffer. The psychological burden of choosing to speak up when there has been little reward or compensation is a heavy one to carry. The Whistleblowers shines a light on their plight, advocating for a change in legislation, organisational support and social attitudes in order to embolden more potential whistleblowers to have the courage to step up. These are the raw and evocative accounts of South Africa's whistleblowers, told in their own voices and from their own perspectives: from the hallowed corridors of parliament to the political killing fields of KwaZulu-Natal, from the fraud-riddled platinum belt to the impoverished, gang-ridden suburb of Elsies River, from the gantried freeways of Gauteng to the Bosasa blesser's facebrick campus in Krugersdorp, from the wild east of Mpumalanga to the corporate jungle of Sandton, and from the wide farmlands of the Free State to that compound of corruption in Saxonwold." --Provided by publisher

WikiLeaks is famous--or infamous--for publishing secret material, including classified government documents, confidential videos and emails, and information leaked by whistleblowers, some of them anonymous, others revealing their identities. WikiLeaks claims to have compiled a database of more than ten million "forbidden" documents. Its founder and leader, Australian activist Julian Assange proclaims that the public is entitled to the truth and that "information wants to be free." --Publisher

When old-fashioned journalists have begun burial to journalism, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) appears as an Internet-based collaborative network. Australian ICIJ editor, Hamish Boland Rudder, tells how they put together a global story with 35 global mass media about offshore companies, tax evasion of celebrities, politicians and personalities from all countries in the world. So, surveillance journalism arises. ; Cuando los periodistas de la vieja guardia ya empezaron a dar por enterrado al periodismo, el Consorcio Internacional de Periodistas Investigativos (ICIJ, por sus siglas en inglés) aparece como una red colaborativa basada en Internet. El australiano Hamish Boland Rudder, editor de la ICIJ, relata cómo armaron una historia global con 35 medios de comunicación mundial sobre las empresas offshore, la evasión de impuestos de celebridades, políticos y personalidades de todos los países del planeta. Así surge el periodismo de vigilancia.

Recent developments in the relations between politicians and journalists in the US have (among other things) created a situation where journalists often have to deal with information that is very difficult, even impossible, to verify, yet has potential societal significance that cannot be ignored. This has, we argue, affected how journalists and journalistic outlets relate to each other within what we tentatively term an inferential community. To argue this, we analyze journalistic demonstrations of authority in attempts to establish and connect 'facts' related to uncertain claims in two cases of the coverage of the nascent Trump administration. This is, however, not a fully elaborated case study through which we can conclude something broader about contemporary journalism. The paper should rather be seen as a preliminary empirical probe allowing us to focus on a specific issue while proposing a tentative conceptual and analytical frame through which this may be studied in a more sustained and detailed way.

"Communism must kill what it cannot control. So for a century, it has killed artists, writers, musicians, and even dancers. It kills them secretly, using bioweapons and poison to escape accountability. Among its victims was Anna Pavlova, history's greatest dancer, who was said to have God-given wings and feet that never touched the ground. But she defied Stalin, and for that she had to die. Her sudden death in Paris in 1931 was a mystery until now. The Dancer and the Devil traces Marxism's century-long fascination with bioweapons, from the Soviets' leak of pneumonic plague in 1939 that nearly killed Stalin to leaks of anthrax at Kiev in 1972 and Yekaterinburg in 1979; from the leak of a flu in northeast China in 1977 that killed millions to the catastrophic COVID-19 leak from biolabs in Wuhan, China. Marxism's dark past must not be a parent to the world's dark future."--Provided by publisher

After reading Jack Shafer's review of Rahul Sagar's Secrets and Leaks ('Live and Let Leak,' March/April 2014), it strikes me as important to distinguish between the United States' security classification system itself and an individual's decision to breach his obligation of confidentiality. Adapted from the source document.

Experiences with an advanced spent nuclear fuel management in Slovakia are presented in this paper. The evaluation and monitoring procedures are based on practices at the Slovak wet interim spent fuel storage facility in NPP Jaslovské Bohunice. Since 1999, leak testing of WWER-440 fuel assemblies are provided by special leak tightness detection system "Sipping in pool" delivered by Framatomeanp with external heating for the precise defects determination. In 2006, a new inspection stand "SVYP-440" for monitoring of spent nuclear fuel condition was inserted. This stand has the possibility to open WWER-440 fuel assemblies and examine fuel elements. Optimal ways of spent fuel disposal and monitoring of nuclear fuel condition were designed. With appropriate approach of conservativeness, new factor for specifying spent fuel leak tightness is introduced in the paper. By using computer simulations (based on SCALE 4.4a code) for fission products creation and measurements by system "Sipping in pool," the limit values of leak tightness were established.

Front -- Cartoonists -- Introduction -- Anton Emdin -- Reg Lynch -- Ron Tandberg -- Jon Kudelka -- Alan Moir -- Jon Kudelka -- Cathy Wilcox -- Rod Clement -- Christopher Downes -- Andrew Dyson -- Jim Pavlidis -- Chris Kelly -- Matt Golding -- Andrew Dyson -- Ron Tandberg -- Bill Leak -- Mark Knight -- Peter Broelman -- Bruce Petty -- Geoff Pryor -- Mark Knight -- Andrew Dyson -- Peter Lewis -- Andrew Dyson -- Matt Golding -- Jon Kudelka -- Ron Tandberg -- David Pope -- David Pope -- Peter Broelman -- Jon Kudelka -- David Pope -- Judy Horacek -- Jon Kudelka -- Dean Alston -- David Pope -- Alan Moir -- David Rowe -- Bill Leak -- Glen Le Lievre -- Mark Knight -- Ron Tandberg -- Cathy Wilcox -- Bruce Petty -- Matt Golding -- Alan Moir -- Ron Tandberg -- Eric Löbbecke -- Jon Kudelka -- Bruce Petty -- Cathy Wilcox -- David Rowe -- Jim Pavlidis -- David Pope -- Warren Brown -- Peter Lewis -- Cathy Wilcox -- First Dog on the Moon -- Geoff Pryor -- Geoff Pryor -- Matt Golding -- Peter Nicholson -- David Rowe -- Eric Löbbecke -- Warren Brown -- John Spooner -- Dean Alston -- Matt Golding -- John Spooner -- Pat Campbell -- John Spooner -- Andrew Dyson -- Paul Zanetti -- David Rowe -- Ron Tandberg -- Fiona Katauskas -- David Rowe -- Jon Kudelka -- John Spooner -- Fiona Katauskas -- Christopher Downes -- Pat Campbell -- Oslo Davis -- Judy Horacek -- Andrew Weldon -- First Dog on the Moon -- Jon Kudelka -- Bill Leak -- Peter Nicholson -- Mark Knight -- Jon Kudelka -- Bill Leak -- Neil Matterson -- Ron Tandberg -- Glen Le Lievre -- Bill Leak -- Greg Smith -- Bruce Petty -- Andrew Dyson -- John Spooner -- Reg Lynch -- First Dog on the Moon -- Jon Kudelka -- Bill Leak -- Ron Tandberg -- Eric Löbbecke -- First Dog on the Moon -- Rod Clement -- Paul Zanetti -- Peter Broelman -- Glen Le Lievre -- Geoff Pryor -- Jos Valdman -- Dean Alston -- First Dog on the Moon.